{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200189367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121651","title":"Multilevel Deep Feature Generation Framework for Automated Detection of Retinal Abnormalities Using OCT Images","display_name":"Multilevel Deep Feature Generation Framework for Automated Detection of Retinal Abnormalities Using OCT Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200189367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121651","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34945957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1651/pdf?version=1638969188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1651/pdf?version=1638969188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016221020","display_name":"Prabal Datta Barua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-8333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabal Datta Barua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia","School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694490","display_name":"Wai Yee Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2718-3797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai Yee Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040772000","display_name":"\u015eeng\u00fcl Do\u011fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9677-5684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sengul Dogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23002, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23002, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049093311","display_name":"Mehmet Bay\u011f\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6449-8950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133229071","display_name":"Ardahan University","ror":"https://ror.org/042ejbk14","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133229071"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Baygin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan 75000, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan 75000, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133229071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067752341","display_name":"T\u00fcrker Tuncer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turker Tuncer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23002, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23002, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003140689","display_name":"Edward J. Ciaccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward J. Ciaccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104182287","display_name":"Nazrul Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184763120","display_name":"Bangladesh University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zta4r50","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184763120"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazrul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glaucoma Faculty, Bangladesh Eye Hospital & Institute, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glaucoma Faculty, Bangladesh Eye Hospital & Institute, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184763120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022778275","display_name":"Kang Hao Cheong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kang Hao Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035735419","display_name":"Zakia Sultana Shahid","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakia Sultana Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074179735","display_name":"U. Rajendra Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-8552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58236372","display_name":"Ngee Ann Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/01w953x65","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58236372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8696757","display_name":"Singapore University of Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01s57k749","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}],"countries":["SG","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"U. Rajendra Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore 129799, Singapore","Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore 129799, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58236372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022778275","https://openalex.org/A5074179735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492","https://openalex.org/I152815399","https://openalex.org/I58236372","https://openalex.org/I8696757"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":4.3002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94935125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"1651","last_page":"1651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8217494487762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7996821403503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6896218657493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6178900599479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5902079939842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5694075226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5347086191177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.520999014377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.49472472071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4474928379058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4316534399986267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8217494487762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7996821403503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6896218657493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6178900599479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5902079939842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5694075226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5347086191177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.520999014377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.49472472071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4474928379058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4316534399986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1651/pdf?version=1638969188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34945957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34945957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c577473323ae4fa5af86fc6fcb126b0c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c577473323ae4fa5af86fc6fcb126b0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 1651 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/12/1651/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 1651","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8700736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8700736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1651/pdf?version=1638969188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200189367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200189367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190437827","https://openalex.org/W1487528435","https://openalex.org/W1583700199","https://openalex.org/W1598808445","https://openalex.org/W1616189994","https://openalex.org/W1808644423","https://openalex.org/W2013754472","https://openalex.org/W2038850290","https://openalex.org/W2092638574","https://openalex.org/W2589074029","https://openalex.org/W2614851820","https://openalex.org/W2621748147","https://openalex.org/W2768948787","https://openalex.org/W2773475231","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2790301353","https://openalex.org/W2807554198","https://openalex.org/W2897557952","https://openalex.org/W2910179937","https://openalex.org/W2914016683","https://openalex.org/W2946303964","https://openalex.org/W2966909379","https://openalex.org/W2969191453","https://openalex.org/W2984274435","https://openalex.org/W2984413259","https://openalex.org/W3022236587","https://openalex.org/W3024324397","https://openalex.org/W3044612978","https://openalex.org/W3073352144","https://openalex.org/W3088956154","https://openalex.org/W3106336869","https://openalex.org/W3109469672","https://openalex.org/W3110529192","https://openalex.org/W3115844714","https://openalex.org/W3128254342","https://openalex.org/W3131696613","https://openalex.org/W3141047505","https://openalex.org/W3148908072","https://openalex.org/W3152614926","https://openalex.org/W3163867258","https://openalex.org/W3164506787","https://openalex.org/W3185596998","https://openalex.org/W3207026744","https://openalex.org/W4293765789","https://openalex.org/W6728377101","https://openalex.org/W6766765476","https://openalex.org/W6798858621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2323668004","https://openalex.org/W2348498086","https://openalex.org/W3093461874","https://openalex.org/W2063232638","https://openalex.org/W1000914229","https://openalex.org/W3021342607","https://openalex.org/W2488331324","https://openalex.org/W970126872","https://openalex.org/W127177386","https://openalex.org/W2052131104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"coherence":[1],"tomography":[2],"(OCT)":[3],"images":[4],"coupled":[5],"with":[6,84],"many":[7],"learning":[8],"techniques":[9],"have":[10,48,152],"been":[11],"developed":[12,49,153],"to":[13,20,37,107,126,130],"diagnose":[14],"retinal":[15,57],"disorders.":[16],"This":[17,62],"work":[18],"aims":[19],"develop":[21],"a":[22,50,146],"novel":[23],"framework":[24,52,97,175],"for":[25,53,113],"extracting":[26],"deep":[27,68],"features":[28,112,117],"from":[29],"18":[30,75],"pre-trained":[31,76],"convolutional":[32],"neural":[33],"networks":[34,77],"(CNN)":[35],"and":[36,70,78,86,106,162,169,179,189],"attain":[38,177],"high":[39],"performance":[40],"using":[41,59,74,88,102,118,156,183],"OCT":[42,159,186],"images.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45,95,149],"work,":[46],"we":[47],"new":[51],"automated":[54],"detection":[55],"of":[56,65,94,197],"disorders":[58],"transfer":[60],"learning.":[61],"model":[63,155],"consists":[64],"three":[66],"phases:":[67],"fused":[69],"multilevel":[71],"feature":[72,82,100,122,135],"extraction,":[73],"tent":[79],"maximal":[80],"pooling,":[81],"selection":[83],"ReliefF,":[85],"classification":[87,181],"the":[89,99,109,133,184,195],"optimized":[90],"classifier.":[91],"The":[92,115,137,173],"novelty":[93],"proposed":[96,120,174],"is":[98,143],"generation":[101],"widely":[103],"used":[104],"CNNs":[105],"select":[108,132],"most":[110],"suitable":[111],"classification.":[114],"extracted":[116],"our":[119,154,198],"intelligent":[121],"extractor":[123],"are":[124,164],"fed":[125],"iterative":[127],"ReliefF":[128],"(IRF)":[129],"automatically":[131],"best":[134],"vector.":[136],"quadratic":[138],"support":[139],"vector":[140],"machine":[141],"(QSVM)":[142],"utilized":[144],"as":[145],"classifier":[147],"in":[148],"work.":[150],"We":[151],"two":[157,185],"public":[158],"image":[160],"datasets,":[161,187],"they":[163],"named":[165],"database":[166,170],"1":[167],"(DB1)":[168],"2":[171],"(DB2).":[172],"can":[176],"97.40%":[178],"100%":[180],"accuracies":[182],"DB1":[188],"DB2,":[190],"respectively.":[191],"These":[192],"results":[193],"illustrate":[194],"success":[196],"model.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
