{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217653593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121565","title":"On Epistemics in Expected Free Energy for Linear Gaussian State Space Models","display_name":"On Epistemics in Expected Free Energy for Linear Gaussian State Space Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217653593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121565","mag":"3217653593","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34945871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1565/pdf?version=1637898305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1565/pdf?version=1637898305","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052383262","display_name":"Magnus Koudahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-5036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Magnus T. Koudahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015804681","display_name":"Wouter M. Kouw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-4817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter M. Kouw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-4817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022330444","display_name":"Bert de Vries","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-174X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bert de Vries","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands","GN Hearing, JF Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GN Hearing, JF Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052383262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.8018,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69465937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"1565","last_page":"1565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6795785427093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6004825830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","score":0.5796855688095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-dynamical-system","display_name":"Linear dynamical system","score":0.5546021461486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5016334056854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.4880286753177643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4848257303237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.34396618604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3414497375488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2988066077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13511425256729126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6795785427093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6004825830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.5796855688095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114275822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621512","display_name":"Linear dynamical system","level":3,"score":0.5546021461486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5016334056854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.4880286753177643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4848257303237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.34396618604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3414497375488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2988066077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13511425256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1565/pdf?version=1637898305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34945871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34945871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/3eb56aa0-3880-40cf-9a1b-3e181f4bf87b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/3eb56aa0-3880-40cf-9a1b-3e181f4bf87b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Koudahl, M, Kouw, W M & de Vries, A 2021, 'On epistemics in expected free energy for linear Gaussian state space models', Entropy, vol. 23, no. 12, 1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121565","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2accd9315e9d4561b6b489068d39fa18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2accd9315e9d4561b6b489068d39fa18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 1565 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/12/1565/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 1565","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8700494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8700494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/3eb56aa0-3880-40cf-9a1b-3e181f4bf87b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/3eb56aa0-3880-40cf-9a1b-3e181f4bf87b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, 23(12):1565. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1565/pdf?version=1637898305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1250097850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P16-25","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3217653593.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971715144","https://openalex.org/W2014114527","https://openalex.org/W2052963087","https://openalex.org/W2059320470","https://openalex.org/W2107662876","https://openalex.org/W2139584447","https://openalex.org/W2150859678","https://openalex.org/W2225156818","https://openalex.org/W2236244207","https://openalex.org/W2463330366","https://openalex.org/W2564666437","https://openalex.org/W2617660370","https://openalex.org/W2753555157","https://openalex.org/W2811289501","https://openalex.org/W2875797025","https://openalex.org/W2892266804","https://openalex.org/W2919878953","https://openalex.org/W2929539807","https://openalex.org/W2950499125","https://openalex.org/W2963932186","https://openalex.org/W2976973594","https://openalex.org/W2990320948","https://openalex.org/W3001808890","https://openalex.org/W3003886363","https://openalex.org/W3017302611","https://openalex.org/W3017990858","https://openalex.org/W3033196763","https://openalex.org/W3090104579","https://openalex.org/W3095485376","https://openalex.org/W3098156617","https://openalex.org/W3101380508","https://openalex.org/W3118752252","https://openalex.org/W3118769118","https://openalex.org/W3125869599","https://openalex.org/W3176003262","https://openalex.org/W3207389317","https://openalex.org/W4232464081","https://openalex.org/W6752799821","https://openalex.org/W7029150370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541871911","https://openalex.org/W2119813522","https://openalex.org/W2050811761","https://openalex.org/W2230606337","https://openalex.org/W2573078457","https://openalex.org/W2505854718","https://openalex.org/W2044696633","https://openalex.org/W2735833300","https://openalex.org/W4238935091","https://openalex.org/W2592826714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Active":[0],"Inference":[1],"(AIF)":[2],"is":[3,106,112,213,239],"a":[4,42,62,100,206,233],"framework":[5],"that":[6,36,115,154,185,194,212],"can":[7,147],"be":[8,149],"used":[9,71,150,254],"both":[10],"to":[11,25,51,67,96,135,151,177,205],"describe":[12],"information":[13],"processing":[14],"in":[15,55,85,124,137],"naturally":[16],"intelligent":[17,28],"systems,":[18,141],"such":[19,230,276],"as":[20,277],"the":[21,46,68,73,75,79,86,128,142,165,168,217,223,265],"human":[22],"brain,":[23],"and":[24,174,199],"design":[26,152,178],"synthetic":[27],"systems":[29,184,247,271],"(agents).":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,105,238],"paper":[33],"we":[34,192],"show":[35,175,193],"Expected":[37],"Free":[38],"Energy":[39],"(EFE)":[40],"minimisation,":[41],"core":[43],"feature":[44],"of":[45,88,103,144,164,171,208,219,236],"framework,":[47],"does":[48,132],"not":[49,133,228],"lead":[50,134],"purposeful":[52],"explorative":[53],"behaviour":[54],"linear":[56,89,138,181,244,268],"Gaussian":[57,90,139,182,245,262,269],"dynamical":[58,140,183,246,270],"systems.":[59,91],"We":[60,159],"provide":[61,160],"simple":[63],"proof":[64],"that,":[65],"due":[66],"specific":[69],"construction":[70,146],"for":[72,78,180,258],"EFE,":[74],"terms":[76,203],"responsible":[77],"exploratory":[80,122,284],"(epistemic)":[81],"drive":[82,123,170],"become":[83],"constant":[84],"case":[87],"This":[92],"renders":[93],"AIF":[94,125,172],"equivalent":[95],"KL":[97],"control.":[98],"From":[99,232],"theoretical":[101],"point":[102,235],"view":[104,237],"an":[107,121,156,161,188,240,252,283],"interesting":[108],"result":[109,242],"since":[110,243],"it":[111],"generally":[113],"assumed":[114],"EFE":[116,130],"minimisation":[117],"will":[118],"always":[119],"introduce":[120],"agents.":[126],"While":[127],"full":[129],"objective":[131],"exploration":[136,211],"principles":[143],"its":[145],"still":[148],"objectives":[153,179],"include":[155,187],"epistemic":[157,169,189],"drive.":[158,190,285],"in-depth":[162],"analysis":[163],"mechanics":[166],"behind":[167],"agents":[173],"how":[176],"do":[186,227,281],"Concretely,":[191],"focusing":[195],"solely":[196],"on":[197,216],"epistemics":[198],"dispensing":[200],"with":[201,248],"goal-directed":[202],"leads":[204],"form":[207],"maximum":[209],"entropy":[210],"heavily":[214],"dependent":[215],"type":[218],"control":[220],"signals":[221],"driving":[222],"system.":[224],"Additive":[225],"controls":[226,250,275],"permit":[229,282],"exploration.":[231],"practical":[234],"important":[241],"additive":[249],"are":[251],"extensively":[253],"model":[255],"class,":[256],"encompassing":[257],"instance":[259],"Linear":[260],"Quadratic":[261],"controllers.":[263],"On":[264],"other":[266],"hand,":[267],"driven":[272],"by":[273],"multiplicative":[274],"switching":[278],"transition":[279],"matrices":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}