{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213658977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111524","title":"On the Problem of Small Objects","display_name":"On the Problem of Small Objects","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213658977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111524","mag":"3213658977","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111524","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1524/pdf?version=1637133830","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1524/pdf?version=1637133830","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070259161","display_name":"Daniel G. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-5950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042414644","display_name":"Tiasa Mondol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-661X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiasa Mondol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Untether AI, Toronto, ON M5V 2H2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Untether AI, Toronto, ON M5V 2H2, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070259161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1508,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54583625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"1524","last_page":"1524"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13720","display_name":"Benford\u2019s Law and Fraud Detection","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4754500091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33626314997673035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4754500091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33626314997673035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111524","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1524/pdf?version=1637133830","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34828222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07a2adfd663b49b4aa1a0d32afc47e6c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07a2adfd663b49b4aa1a0d32afc47e6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 1524 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/11/1524/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 11; Pages: 1524","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8620042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8620042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111524","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1524/pdf?version=1637133830","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6221715925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G964333907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN 2016-03661","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213658977.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213658977.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1638203394","https://openalex.org/W2147492358","https://openalex.org/W2604567102","https://openalex.org/W2765253404","https://openalex.org/W2894048186","https://openalex.org/W2914567561","https://openalex.org/W3116394707","https://openalex.org/W4200619242","https://openalex.org/W4235547210","https://openalex.org/W4236393691","https://openalex.org/W4242377626","https://openalex.org/W6601218754","https://openalex.org/W6720328215","https://openalex.org/W6755137904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,77],"discuss":[1,104],"how":[2,79],"to":[3,56],"assess":[4],"computationally":[5],"the":[6,57,72,81,90,105],"aesthetic":[7],"value":[8],"of":[9,59,75,83,109],"\"small\"":[10],"objects,":[11],"namely":[12],"those":[13],"that":[14,92],"have":[15],"short":[16,30],"digital":[17],"descriptions.":[18],"Such":[19],"small":[20,39,98],"objects":[21,40,99],"still":[22,95],"matter:":[23],"they":[24,63],"include":[25],"headlines,":[26],"poems,":[27],"song":[28],"lyrics,":[29],"musical":[31],"scripts":[32],"and":[33,103,107],"other":[34],"culturally":[35],"crucial":[36],"items.":[37],"Yet,":[38],"are":[41],"a":[42],"confounding":[43],"case":[44,91],"for":[45],"our":[46,110],"recent":[47],"work":[48],"adapting":[49],"ideas":[50],"from":[51,100],"algorithmic":[52],"information":[53],"theory":[54],"(AIT)":[55],"domain":[58],"computational":[60],"creativity,":[61],"as":[62],"cannot":[64],"be":[65],"either":[66],"logically":[67],"deep":[68],"or":[69],"sophisticated":[70],"following":[71],"traditional":[73],"definitions":[74],"AIT.":[76],"show":[78],"restricting":[80],"class":[82],"models":[84],"under":[85],"analysis":[86],"can":[87,94],"make":[88],"it":[89],"we":[93],"separate":[96],"high-quality":[97],"ordinary":[101],"ones,":[102],"strengths":[106],"limitations":[108],"adaptation.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
