{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212332208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111499","title":"An Entropy-Based Anti-Noise Method for Reducing Ranging Error in Photon Counting Lidar","display_name":"An Entropy-Based Anti-Noise Method for Reducing Ranging Error in Photon Counting Lidar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212332208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111499","mag":"3212332208","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111499","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1499/pdf?version=1637051037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1499/pdf?version=1637051037","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101842381","display_name":"Mingwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-6494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-6494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101751751","display_name":"Zijing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-632X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zijing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061845278","display_name":"Jiaheng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-6816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaheng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087527019","display_name":"Jiahuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-4958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103438262","display_name":"Yuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8746-2707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101751751","https://openalex.org/A5103438262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.4279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9125136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"1499","last_page":"1499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.8897823095321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7633295655250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.665727436542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6278377771377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.5479273796081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-noise","display_name":"Background noise","score":0.536575436592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geiger-counter","display_name":"Geiger counter","score":0.5002403259277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.44986486434936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-intensity-noise","display_name":"Relative intensity noise","score":0.44751736521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.43845129013061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.43580514192581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.43303388357162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4018888473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29712367057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2870559096336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.282742440700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.23937106132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18268340826034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11417198181152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-laser-theory","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","score":0.07585841417312622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.8897823095321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7633295655250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.665727436542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6278377771377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.5479273796081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.536575436592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88033656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48171","display_name":"Geiger counter","level":2,"score":0.5002403259277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.44986486434936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204517386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310795","display_name":"Relative intensity noise","level":4,"score":0.44751736521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.43845129013061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.43580514192581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.43303388357162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4018888473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29712367057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2870559096336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.282742440700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.23937106132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18268340826034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11417198181152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.07585841417312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111499","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1499/pdf?version=1637051037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34828196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27734037364e4f14b4a3da7cca71cfc2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27734037364e4f14b4a3da7cca71cfc2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 1499 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/11/1499/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 11; Pages: 1499","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8624732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8624732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111499","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1499/pdf?version=1637051037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4576504539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3212332208.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607261694","https://openalex.org/W1972185094","https://openalex.org/W1986782425","https://openalex.org/W1990307727","https://openalex.org/W2009893859","https://openalex.org/W2036640117","https://openalex.org/W2072979988","https://openalex.org/W2083131006","https://openalex.org/W2091084482","https://openalex.org/W2116701864","https://openalex.org/W2159306970","https://openalex.org/W2214944377","https://openalex.org/W2526752236","https://openalex.org/W2613985060","https://openalex.org/W2783831189","https://openalex.org/W2791747346","https://openalex.org/W2796583516","https://openalex.org/W2806161007","https://openalex.org/W2915163000","https://openalex.org/W2943353405","https://openalex.org/W2964223102","https://openalex.org/W2985623795","https://openalex.org/W2993269768","https://openalex.org/W3035682246","https://openalex.org/W3042460923","https://openalex.org/W3099254556","https://openalex.org/W3102929960","https://openalex.org/W3105132998","https://openalex.org/W3174842923","https://openalex.org/W6749390398","https://openalex.org/W6769906192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550488200","https://openalex.org/W2013527645","https://openalex.org/W2102373714","https://openalex.org/W2491704306","https://openalex.org/W2021007090","https://openalex.org/W2066287359","https://openalex.org/W1989987871","https://openalex.org/W2122460126","https://openalex.org/W4321520226","https://openalex.org/W2010143962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photon":[0],"counting":[1,56,76,110],"lidar":[2],"for":[3],"long-range":[4],"detection":[5],"faces":[6],"the":[7,25,44,47,66,74,82,93,102,108,120,130,137,142,151,155,164,169],"problem":[8],"of":[9,27,46,49,95,132,139,141,171],"declining":[10],"ranging":[11,37,67,176],"performance":[12,157],"caused":[13],"by":[14],"background":[15,32,71,133,172,180],"noise.":[16,72,181],"Current":[17],"anti-noise":[18,60,156],"methods":[19],"are":[20],"not":[21],"robust":[22],"enough":[23],"in":[24,35,54],"case":[26],"weak":[28],"signal":[29,51,86,123],"and":[30,52,124,135,146,159],"strong":[31],"noise,":[33,88,125],"resulting":[34],"poor":[36],"error.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"work,":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43],"characteristics":[45],"uncertainty":[48,94],"echo":[50],"noise":[53,134,173],"photon":[55,75,98,109],"lidar,":[57],"an":[58],"entropy-based":[59],"method":[61,153,166],"is":[62,79,89,112],"proposed":[63,152,165],"to":[64,84,91,101,118,128,174],"reduce":[65,175],"error":[68,177],"under":[69],"high":[70,179],"Firstly,":[73],"entropy,":[77],"which":[78],"considered":[80],"as":[81,127],"feature":[83],"distinguish":[85],"from":[87],"defined":[90],"quantify":[92],"fluctuation":[96],"among":[97],"events":[99],"responding":[100],"Geiger":[103],"mode":[104],"avalanche":[105],"photodiode.":[106],"Then,":[107],"entropy":[111],"combined":[113],"with":[114],"a":[115],"windowing":[116],"operation":[117],"enhance":[119],"difference":[121],"between":[122],"so":[126],"mitigate":[129],"effect":[131,170],"estimate":[136],"time":[138],"flight":[140],"laser":[143],"pulses.":[144],"Simulation":[145],"experimental":[147,160],"analysis":[148],"show":[149],"that":[150,163],"improves":[154],"well,":[158],"results":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"effectively":[167],"mitigates":[168],"despite":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}