{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211719591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111483","title":"Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironmental Impact Analyses and Optimization of Various Geothermal Power Cycle Configurations","display_name":"Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironmental Impact Analyses and Optimization of Various Geothermal Power Cycle Configurations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211719591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111483","mag":"3211719591","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111483","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1483/pdf?version=1636616058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1483/pdf?version=1636616058","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058324936","display_name":"Moein Shamoushaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-9639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moein Shamoushaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-9639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110051739","display_name":"M.A. Ehyaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-9427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Aliehyaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis New City 1468995513, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis New City 1468995513, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002665877","display_name":"Marc A. Rosen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-0094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"Ontario Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc A. Rosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-0094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110051739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.4649,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80088351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"1483","last_page":"1483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.8558696508407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-rankine-cycle","display_name":"Organic Rankine cycle","score":0.7682479619979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","score":0.7612447738647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5761740803718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.5468527674674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree-rankine","display_name":"Degree Rankine","score":0.5220575332641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geothermal-gradient","display_name":"Geothermal gradient","score":0.5071506500244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rankine-cycle","display_name":"Rankine cycle","score":0.4849238693714142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geothermal-energy","display_name":"Geothermal energy","score":0.4740036427974701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.3759230375289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.3179960250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26617133617401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2624460458755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07270559668540955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.8558696508407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101519877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616013","display_name":"Organic Rankine cycle","level":4,"score":0.7682479619979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.7612447738647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5761740803718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5468527674674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44431628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207488","display_name":"Degree Rankine","level":2,"score":0.5220575332641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111766609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q636340","display_name":"Geothermal gradient","level":2,"score":0.5071506500244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161911898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215612","display_name":"Rankine cycle","level":3,"score":0.4849238693714142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518406490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127993","display_name":"Geothermal energy","level":3,"score":0.4740036427974701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3759230375289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3179960250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26617133617401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2624460458755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07270559668540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111483","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1483/pdf?version=1636616058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34828181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0020354cb21542e1bb26efc998a6d2fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0020354cb21542e1bb26efc998a6d2fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 1483 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/11/1483/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 11; Pages: 1483","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8620239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8620239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23111483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111483","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/11/1483/pdf?version=1636616058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211719591.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140890409","https://openalex.org/W338024563","https://openalex.org/W1447278353","https://openalex.org/W1700361659","https://openalex.org/W1976968167","https://openalex.org/W1984321337","https://openalex.org/W1991901013","https://openalex.org/W2017426530","https://openalex.org/W2039712473","https://openalex.org/W2053331638","https://openalex.org/W2055948893","https://openalex.org/W2080108230","https://openalex.org/W2113875172","https://openalex.org/W2169064301","https://openalex.org/W2174516683","https://openalex.org/W2311552760","https://openalex.org/W2469228009","https://openalex.org/W2495006688","https://openalex.org/W2538871857","https://openalex.org/W2602738192","https://openalex.org/W2604809057","https://openalex.org/W2624466004","https://openalex.org/W2732339724","https://openalex.org/W2750786346","https://openalex.org/W2767574243","https://openalex.org/W2768949627","https://openalex.org/W2804566173","https://openalex.org/W2887079060","https://openalex.org/W2898759058","https://openalex.org/W2913420206","https://openalex.org/W2938011166","https://openalex.org/W2946039405","https://openalex.org/W2951433977","https://openalex.org/W2964263687","https://openalex.org/W3002021132","https://openalex.org/W3007560632","https://openalex.org/W3012423936","https://openalex.org/W3021319284","https://openalex.org/W3033929843","https://openalex.org/W3041427206","https://openalex.org/W3042658659","https://openalex.org/W3116848860","https://openalex.org/W3127643497","https://openalex.org/W3153878890","https://openalex.org/W3170278267","https://openalex.org/W3183354356","https://openalex.org/W6684942446","https://openalex.org/W6779316457","https://openalex.org/W6945006492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200459572","https://openalex.org/W3039049605","https://openalex.org/W2042948117","https://openalex.org/W2034114618","https://openalex.org/W3108940007","https://openalex.org/W1972020798","https://openalex.org/W2556554929","https://openalex.org/W3024900228","https://openalex.org/W2092970278","https://openalex.org/W1988356606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy,":[0],"exergy,":[1],"and":[2,14,22,56,70,75,83,111,128,136,146,169,177,193],"exergoeconomic":[3],"evaluations":[4],"of":[5,17,26,46,138,159],"various":[6],"geothermal":[7],"configurations":[8],"are":[9,20,86,144,173,189],"reported.":[10],"The":[11,59,78,132],"main":[12],"operational":[13],"economic":[15,57],"parameters":[16],"the":[18,27,32,44,63,67,89,96,100,108,117,122,129,153,156,160,186,197],"cycles":[19,28,171],"evaluated":[21],"compared.":[23,147],"Multi-objective":[24],"optimization":[25],"is":[29,40,149],"conducted":[30],"using":[31],"artificial":[33],"bee":[34],"colony":[35],"algorithm.":[36],"A":[37],"sensitivity":[38],"assessment":[39],"carried":[41],"out":[42],"on":[43,51,116],"effect":[45],"production":[47],"well":[48],"temperature":[49,130],"variation":[50],"system":[52],"performance":[53],"from":[54],"energy":[55],"perspectives.":[58],"results":[60],"show":[61],"that":[62],"flash-binary":[64,170],"cycle":[65,93],"has":[66],"highest":[68,79],"thermal":[69],"exergy":[71,101,133,157],"efficiencies,":[72],"at":[73,152],"15.6%":[74],"64.3%,":[76],"respectively.":[77],"generated":[80],"power":[81],"cost":[82,110],"pay-back":[84,112,187],"period":[85,113],"attributable":[87],"to":[88],"simple":[90,161],"organic":[91,162],"Rankine":[92,163],"(ORC).":[94],"Raising":[95],"well-temperature":[97],"can":[98],"increase":[99],"destruction":[102,134],"rate":[103],"in":[104,119],"all":[105,120,139],"configurations.":[106],"However,":[107],"electricity":[109],"decrease.":[114],"Based":[115],"results,":[118],"cases,":[121,184],"exergoenvironmental":[123],"impact":[124],"improvement":[125],"factor":[126],"decreases,":[127],"rises.":[131],"ratio":[135],"efficiency":[137],"components":[140],"for":[141],"each":[142],"configuration":[143],"calculated":[145],"It":[148],"found":[150],"that,":[151],"optimum":[154],"state,":[155],"efficiencies":[158],"cycle,":[164],"single":[165],"flash,":[166,168],"double":[167],"respectively":[172],"14.7%,":[174],"14.4%,":[175],"12.6%,":[176],"14.1%":[178],"higher":[179],"than":[180,196],"their":[181],"relevant":[182],"base":[183,198],"while":[185],"periods":[188],"10.6%,":[190],"1.5%":[191],"1.4%,":[192],"0.6%":[194],"lower":[195],"cases.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}