{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206875817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23101345","title":"The Spread of Ideas in a Network\u2014The Garbage-Can Model","display_name":"The Spread of Ideas in a Network\u2014The Garbage-Can Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206875817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23101345","mag":"3206875817","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34682069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23101345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23101345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/10/1345/pdf?version=1634787084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/10/1345/pdf?version=1634787084","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087009054","display_name":"Dorota \u017buchowska\u2010Skiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-9900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorota \u017buchowska-Skiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Humanities, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-9900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Humanities, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060221800","display_name":"Maria Stojkow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8410-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Stojkow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Humanities, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Humanities, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065022832","display_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata J. Krawczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4030-6955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malgorzata J. Krawczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Computer Science, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4030-6955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Computer Science, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053350208","display_name":"K. Ku\u0142akowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-7883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Ku\u0142akowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Computer Science, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Computer Science, AGH University Science and Technology, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053350208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.1162,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43684993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"1345","last_page":"1345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7239798307418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.5984765291213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.5889465808868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.563984751701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-rationality","display_name":"Bounded rationality","score":0.5573672652244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garbage","display_name":"Garbage","score":0.5496748685836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5062819719314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4186418950557709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3587706983089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.34865185618400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21555578708648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19984471797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16801059246063232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7239798307418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5984765291213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.5889465808868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.563984751701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58694771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814385","display_name":"Bounded rationality","level":2,"score":0.5573672652244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75403996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5521979","display_name":"Garbage","level":2,"score":0.5496748685836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5062819719314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4186418950557709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3587706983089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.34865185618400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21555578708648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19984471797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16801059246063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23101345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23101345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/10/1345/pdf?version=1634787084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34682069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34682069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26d2140724a04bafbf3eec1241470128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26d2140724a04bafbf3eec1241470128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 10, p 1345 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/10/1345/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23101345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 10; Pages: 1345","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8534786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8534786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23101345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23101345","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/10/1345/pdf?version=1634787084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206875817.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206875817.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588340340","https://openalex.org/W646834101","https://openalex.org/W1696068948","https://openalex.org/W1708913164","https://openalex.org/W1966151890","https://openalex.org/W1971509570","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2003934805","https://openalex.org/W2015538189","https://openalex.org/W2016636285","https://openalex.org/W2044203091","https://openalex.org/W2075514521","https://openalex.org/W2113096089","https://openalex.org/W2116903875","https://openalex.org/W2138126900","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2151789396","https://openalex.org/W2159136592","https://openalex.org/W2189800495","https://openalex.org/W2220637086","https://openalex.org/W2258679708","https://openalex.org/W2317413427","https://openalex.org/W2478227765","https://openalex.org/W2615267348","https://openalex.org/W2617535932","https://openalex.org/W2763691765","https://openalex.org/W2949127974","https://openalex.org/W2966105455","https://openalex.org/W2989691982","https://openalex.org/W2993224395","https://openalex.org/W3037819556","https://openalex.org/W4298185589","https://openalex.org/W6651253505","https://openalex.org/W6676950571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612848883","https://openalex.org/W3088744871","https://openalex.org/W4382053766","https://openalex.org/W3035541749","https://openalex.org/W2351860712","https://openalex.org/W4366783061","https://openalex.org/W2354724362","https://openalex.org/W4362509302","https://openalex.org/W4322770937","https://openalex.org/W2358072343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,70,111,135],"main":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,29,37,42,45,54,64,81,87,99,106,108,113,133,137,144,156,159,166],"our":[4],"work":[5],"is":[6,17,116],"to":[7,50,61,77],"show":[8,51],"how":[9],"ideas":[10,55,88,128,146],"change":[11],"in":[12,58,68,90],"social":[13],"networks.":[14,69,91],"Our":[15],"analysis":[16,63],"based":[18],"on":[19,97,121,149,153,162],"three":[20],"concepts:":[21],"(i)":[22],"temporal":[23,46],"networks,":[24,59],"(ii)":[25],"the":[26,33,43,52,62,79,85,93,117,125,138,142,150,154,163,171],"Axelrod":[27,71,126],"model":[28,36,74,95,115,139],"culture":[30,72],"dissemination,":[31],"(iii)":[32],"garbage":[34],"can":[35],"organizational":[38],"choice.":[39],"use":[41,78],"concept":[44],"networks":[47],"allows":[48,75],"us":[49,76],"dynamics":[53,86],"spreading":[56],"processes":[57],"thanks":[60],"contacts":[65],"between":[66],"agents":[67],"dissemination":[73],"importance":[80],"cooperative":[82],"behavior":[83],"for":[84],"disseminated":[89],"In":[92,124],"third":[94],"decisions":[96],"solutions":[98],"problems":[100],"are":[101,129],"made":[102],"as":[103,147],"an":[104],"outcome":[105,136],"sequences":[107],"pseudorandom":[109],"numbers.":[110],"origin":[112],"this":[114],"Herbert":[118],"Simon's":[119],"view":[120],"bounded":[122],"rationality.":[123],"model,":[127],"conveyed":[130],"by":[131],"strings":[132],"symbols.":[134],"should":[140],"be":[141],"diversity":[143],"evolving":[145],"dependent":[148],"chain":[151],"length,":[152],"number":[155],"possible":[157],"values":[158],"symbols":[160],"and":[161],"threshold":[164],"value":[165],"Hamming":[167],"distance":[168],"which":[169],"enables":[170],"combination.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}