{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198902748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23091173","title":"Complexity Evaluation of an Environmental Control and Life-Support System Based on Directed and Undirected Structural Entropy Methods","display_name":"Complexity Evaluation of an Environmental Control and Life-Support System Based on Directed and Undirected Structural Entropy Methods","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198902748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23091173","mag":"3198902748","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34573798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23091173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23091173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/9/1173/pdf?version=1631006466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/9/1173/pdf?version=1631006466","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054878778","display_name":"Kaichun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaichun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101473715","display_name":"Chunxin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-620X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091216233","display_name":"Han Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-1472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110801120","display_name":"Chenglong Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091216233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59191473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"9","first_page":"1173","last_page":"1173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12005","display_name":"Spaceflight effects on biology","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12005","display_name":"Spaceflight effects on biology","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14214","display_name":"Space Exploration and Technology","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.9304999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-support-system","display_name":"Life support system","score":0.8593289852142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6690016984939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.44607383012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.35255566239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12902137637138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.08175504207611084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84795859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984134","display_name":"Life support system","level":2,"score":0.8593289852142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6690016984939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.44607383012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35255566239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12902137637138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08175504207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23091173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23091173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/9/1173/pdf?version=1631006466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34573798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34573798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b902b88faed044f1896a6f7b2b5ddd3e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b902b88faed044f1896a6f7b2b5ddd3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 9, p 1173 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7354463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8465968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/9/1173/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 9; Pages: 1173","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8465968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8465968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23091173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23091173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/9/1173/pdf?version=1631006466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198902748.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198902748.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284458466","https://openalex.org/W590162992","https://openalex.org/W922096802","https://openalex.org/W1483725722","https://openalex.org/W1488160627","https://openalex.org/W1499322120","https://openalex.org/W1635398543","https://openalex.org/W1981810447","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1999597505","https://openalex.org/W2000795870","https://openalex.org/W2007445242","https://openalex.org/W2020361227","https://openalex.org/W2031158050","https://openalex.org/W2037497826","https://openalex.org/W2051400207","https://openalex.org/W2054847121","https://openalex.org/W2059921343","https://openalex.org/W2079436835","https://openalex.org/W2088876717","https://openalex.org/W2234366553","https://openalex.org/W2736617568","https://openalex.org/W2760947754","https://openalex.org/W2811279700","https://openalex.org/W2892140876","https://openalex.org/W2894739883","https://openalex.org/W2938105795","https://openalex.org/W2950008572","https://openalex.org/W2966777455","https://openalex.org/W2996981124","https://openalex.org/W3003416799","https://openalex.org/W3094684496","https://openalex.org/W3095161068","https://openalex.org/W3096069088","https://openalex.org/W3135025837","https://openalex.org/W3154637937","https://openalex.org/W3156847625","https://openalex.org/W3157739001","https://openalex.org/W3165925906","https://openalex.org/W3176001769","https://openalex.org/W3182770235","https://openalex.org/W3186317171","https://openalex.org/W3188793280","https://openalex.org/W3190377668","https://openalex.org/W3192452043","https://openalex.org/W3194882718","https://openalex.org/W3195488601","https://openalex.org/W3197249968","https://openalex.org/W3202033721","https://openalex.org/W3212809179","https://openalex.org/W4232662542","https://openalex.org/W6792988353","https://openalex.org/W6993235030","https://openalex.org/W7015225770","https://openalex.org/W7024861974","https://openalex.org/W7058734042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W929104216","https://openalex.org/W3199937545","https://openalex.org/W752580703","https://openalex.org/W2587229246","https://openalex.org/W3207332719","https://openalex.org/W2385125751","https://openalex.org/W1611666018","https://openalex.org/W2736931530","https://openalex.org/W841759423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"manned":[1,174],"space":[2],"missions,":[3],"an":[4],"environmental":[5],"control":[6],"and":[7,39,64,79,118,156],"life-support":[8],"system":[9,96,113,132,150],"(ECLSS)":[10],"is":[11,22],"employed":[12],"to":[13,93,99],"meet":[14],"the":[15,43,51,57,73,88,95,102,106,112,128,131,136,148,168],"life-supporting":[16],"requirements":[17],"of":[18,25,42,54,59,76,111,138,170],"astronauts.":[19],"The":[20,109,124,152],"ECLSS":[21,44,103,171],"a":[23,32],"type":[24],"hierarchical":[26],"system,":[27],"with":[28],"subsystem-component-single":[29],"machines,":[30],"forming":[31],"complex":[33],"structure.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"system-level":[36],"conceptual":[37],"designing":[38],"performance":[40],"evaluation":[41,158],"must":[45],"be":[46],"conducted.":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49,162],"reports":[50],"top-level":[52,153],"scheme":[53,154],"ECLSS,":[55],"including":[56],"subsystems":[58],"atmosphere":[60],"revitalization,":[61],"water":[62],"management,":[63],"waste":[65],"management.":[66],"We":[67],"propose":[68],"two":[69],"schemes":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72,147],"design":[74,155],"criteria":[75],"improving":[77],"closure":[78],"reducing":[80],"power":[81],"consumption.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84,161],"study,":[85],"we":[86],"use":[87],"structural":[89],"entropy":[90],"method":[91],"(SEM)":[92],"calculate":[94],"order":[97],"degree":[98],"quantitatively":[100],"evaluate":[101],"complexity":[104,110,157],"at":[105],"top":[107],"level.":[108],"evaluated":[114],"by":[115,135],"directed":[116],"SEM":[117,120],"undirected":[119],"presents":[121],"different":[122],"rules.":[123],"results":[125],"show":[126],"that":[127],"change":[129],"in":[130,160,172],"structure":[133],"caused":[134],"replacement":[137],"some":[139],"single":[140],"technologies":[141],"will":[142],"not":[143],"have":[144],"great":[145],"impact":[146],"overall":[149],"complexity.":[151],"presented":[159],"may":[163],"provide":[164],"technical":[165],"support":[166],"for":[167],"development":[169],"future":[173],"spaceflights.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
