{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194821420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081062","title":"A Novel Framework for Anomaly Detection for Satellite Momentum Wheel Based on Optimized SVM and Huffman-Multi-Scale Entropy","display_name":"A Novel Framework for Anomaly Detection for Satellite Momentum Wheel Based on Optimized SVM and Huffman-Multi-Scale Entropy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194821420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081062","mag":"3194821420","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34441202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23081062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1062/pdf?version=1629265802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1062/pdf?version=1629265802","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379931","display_name":"Yuqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-4004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063913575","display_name":"Mingjia Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-8059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingjia Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624286","display_name":"Pengpeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-8016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554106","display_name":"Naval Research Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02t42bb94","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4402554106"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengpeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Academy, Beijing 100061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Academy, Beijing 100061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019373327","display_name":"Rixin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-011X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rixin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413867","display_name":"Minqiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-1736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minqiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Space Exploration Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063913575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.6908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86841713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"1062","last_page":"1062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.720797598361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.6761507987976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6469785571098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.633037269115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huffman-coding","display_name":"Huffman coding","score":0.6255508661270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemetry","display_name":"Telemetry","score":0.5209413766860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.44797956943511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4231576919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty-detection","display_name":"Novelty detection","score":0.4138703942298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4098849892616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39028745889663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3750186562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.15134450793266296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.720797598361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.6761507987976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6469785571098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.633037269115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46900642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647","display_name":"Huffman coding","level":3,"score":0.6255508661270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.5209413766860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.44797956943511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4231576919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778924833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7064603","display_name":"Novelty detection","level":3,"score":0.4138703942298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4098849892616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39028745889663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3750186562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.15134450793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23081062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1062/pdf?version=1629265802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34441202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34441202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a4a554a9a45470eb9b8b8840032bfaf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a4a554a9a45470eb9b8b8840032bfaf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 8, p 1062 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/8/1062/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 8; Pages: 1062","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8391409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8391409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23081062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1062/pdf?version=1629265802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8412275869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52075117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194821420.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060108852","https://openalex.org/W2093266575","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2901252779","https://openalex.org/W2914298094","https://openalex.org/W2946480175","https://openalex.org/W2953155777","https://openalex.org/W3006502385","https://openalex.org/W3007424846","https://openalex.org/W3014908208","https://openalex.org/W3022604663","https://openalex.org/W3026881828","https://openalex.org/W3042373362","https://openalex.org/W3081511931","https://openalex.org/W3085888194","https://openalex.org/W3094517879","https://openalex.org/W3096532121","https://openalex.org/W3117140708","https://openalex.org/W3126242280","https://openalex.org/W3126948899","https://openalex.org/W3128791886","https://openalex.org/W3128906627","https://openalex.org/W3130990173","https://openalex.org/W3132742323","https://openalex.org/W3140040302","https://openalex.org/W3140660742","https://openalex.org/W3143731368","https://openalex.org/W3155010485","https://openalex.org/W3158713091","https://openalex.org/W3159874169","https://openalex.org/W3160540625","https://openalex.org/W3163935263","https://openalex.org/W3164832856","https://openalex.org/W4248273320","https://openalex.org/W6682642761","https://openalex.org/W6756622579","https://openalex.org/W6790205665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966933208","https://openalex.org/W2351464472","https://openalex.org/W2070863773","https://openalex.org/W2914103308","https://openalex.org/W4212896802","https://openalex.org/W4391520001","https://openalex.org/W3164768164","https://openalex.org/W2988217341","https://openalex.org/W3113278055","https://openalex.org/W4288455183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,144,159],"health":[1],"status":[2],"of":[3,79,165],"the":[4,35,43,49,57,74,80,87,107,123,141,166,181,187,199,204],"momentum":[5,154],"wheel":[6,155],"is":[7,101,147],"vital":[8],"for":[9,17,31,152],"a":[10,63,95,117],"satellite.":[11],"Recently,":[12],"research":[13,26],"on":[14,69,122],"anomaly":[15,65,150],"detection":[16,66,151,163,191],"satellites":[18],"has":[19],"become":[20],"more":[21,23],"and":[22,42,76,86,129,162,175,190,193,203],"extensive.":[24],"Previous":[25],"mostly":[27],"required":[28],"simulation":[29,44],"models":[30,37],"key":[32],"components.":[33],"However,":[34],"physical":[36],"are":[38,84,90],"difficult":[39],"to":[40,139,149],"construct,":[41],"data":[45,51,111],"does":[46],"not":[47],"match":[48],"telemetry":[50,71,82,157],"in":[52,169],"engineering":[53],"applications.":[54],"To":[55],"overcome":[56],"above":[58],"problem,":[59],"this":[60,114,170],"paper":[61,115,171],"proposes":[62,130],"new":[64,96],"framework":[67],"based":[68,121],"real":[70],"data.":[72,158],"First,":[73],"time-domain":[75],"frequency-domain":[77],"features":[78,89],"preprocessed":[81],"signal":[83],"calculated,":[85],"effective":[88],"selected":[91],"through":[92],"evaluation.":[93],"Second,":[94],"Huffman-multi-scale":[97],"entropy":[98],"(HMSE)":[99],"system":[100],"proposed,":[102],"which":[103],"can":[104,172,184,195],"effectively":[105,185,197],"improve":[106,186],"discrimination":[108],"between":[109],"different":[110],"types.":[112],"Third,":[113],"adopts":[116],"multi-class":[118],"SVM":[119,142],"model":[120],"directed":[124],"acyclic":[125],"graph":[126],"(DAG)":[127],"principle":[128],"an":[131],"improved":[132],"adaptive":[133],"particle":[134],"swarm":[135],"optimization":[136],"(APSO)":[137],"method":[138,146,167,183],"train":[140],"model.":[143],"proposed":[145,168,182],"applied":[148],"satellite":[153],"voltage":[156],"recognition":[160,188],"accuracy":[161,189],"rate":[164,202],"reach":[173],"99.60%":[174],"99.87%.":[176],"Compared":[177],"with":[178],"other":[179],"methods,":[180],"rate,":[192],"it":[194],"also":[196],"reduce":[198],"false":[200],"alarm":[201,206],"missed":[205],"rate.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
