{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190870263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081011","title":"A Framework for Detecting System Performance Anomalies Using Tracing Data Analysis","display_name":"A Framework for Detecting System Performance Anomalies Using Tracing Data Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190870263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081011","mag":"3190870263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34441151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23081011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1011/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1011/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009219650","display_name":"Iman Kohyarnejadfard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-259X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iman Kohyarnejadfard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-259X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038720756","display_name":"Daniel Aloise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-2921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Aloise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012766648","display_name":"Michel Dagenais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-6149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel R. Dagenais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080200188","display_name":"Mahsa Shakeri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahsa Shakeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009219650","https://openalex.org/A5038720756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.0828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87481645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"1011","last_page":"1011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troubleshooting","display_name":"Troubleshooting","score":0.8632395267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.8383322358131409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8286024928092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.6999983787536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6190869808197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5636789202690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5152990818023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-call","display_name":"System call","score":0.5122110247612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.47522905468940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3739858865737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35535794496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2680272161960602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147494362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078905","display_name":"Troubleshooting","level":2,"score":0.8632395267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.8383322358131409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8286024928092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6999983787536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6190869808197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5636789202690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5152990818023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722192","display_name":"System call","level":2,"score":0.5122110247612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.47522905468940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3739858865737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35535794496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2680272161960602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23081011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1011/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34441151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34441151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d313b1c55a5d4abba519df03c351a248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d313b1c55a5d4abba519df03c351a248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 8, p 1011 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/8/1011/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 8; Pages: 1011","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:48680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/48680/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article de revue"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8392060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8392060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23081011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23081011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1011/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190870263.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125490355","https://openalex.org/W845171161","https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1639956611","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W2003797551","https://openalex.org/W2007087405","https://openalex.org/W2026453187","https://openalex.org/W2033403400","https://openalex.org/W2044741743","https://openalex.org/W2054506507","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2109192777","https://openalex.org/W2119463329","https://openalex.org/W2128217000","https://openalex.org/W2133441575","https://openalex.org/W2142889610","https://openalex.org/W2145195811","https://openalex.org/W2147067398","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2185973147","https://openalex.org/W2244905785","https://openalex.org/W2557513839","https://openalex.org/W2577741565","https://openalex.org/W2613480438","https://openalex.org/W2615190058","https://openalex.org/W2757251098","https://openalex.org/W2785745290","https://openalex.org/W2791315675","https://openalex.org/W2795554423","https://openalex.org/W2797570932","https://openalex.org/W2939982846","https://openalex.org/W2962849408","https://openalex.org/W2997961747","https://openalex.org/W3003896951","https://openalex.org/W3105265400","https://openalex.org/W4230765542","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4312326823","https://openalex.org/W6605126091","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6678985388","https://openalex.org/W7039235811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115308562","https://openalex.org/W2789571330","https://openalex.org/W4299652732","https://openalex.org/W2963744171","https://openalex.org/W2133304975","https://openalex.org/W2362901774","https://openalex.org/W4248091533","https://openalex.org/W1504419871","https://openalex.org/W1515178292","https://openalex.org/W11100131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advances":[0],"in":[1,17,110,172],"technology":[2],"and":[3,13,36,48,154,167],"computing":[4],"power":[5],"have":[6,68],"led":[7],"to":[8,24,28,69,78,102,137,184],"the":[9,42,46,53,56,80,123,129,179],"emergence":[10],"of":[11,55,74,82,119,125,146,174,181],"complex":[12],"large-scale":[14],"software":[15,32,63],"architectures":[16],"recent":[18],"years.":[19],"However,":[20],"they":[21],"are":[22],"prone":[23],"performance":[25,84,104],"anomalies":[26],"due":[27],"various":[29],"reasons,":[30],"including":[31],"bugs,":[33],"hardware":[34],"failures,":[35],"resource":[37],"contentions.":[38],"Performance":[39],"metrics":[40],"represent":[41],"average":[43],"load":[44],"on":[45,150,158],"system":[47,66,120,147],"do":[49],"not":[50],"help":[51],"discover":[52,103],"cause":[54,81],"problem":[57],"if":[58],"abnormal":[59,189],"behavior":[60],"occurs":[61],"during":[62,122],"execution.":[64],"Consequently,":[65],"experts":[67],"examine":[70],"a":[71,83,126,138],"massive":[72],"amount":[73],"low-level":[75],"tracing":[76],"data":[77],"determine":[79],"issue.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"work,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"an":[91],"anomaly":[92],"detection":[93],"framework":[94,114],"that":[95,142],"reduces":[96],"troubleshooting":[97],"time,":[98],"besides":[99],"guiding":[100],"developers":[101],"problems":[105],"by":[106,116],"highlighting":[107],"anomalous":[108,144],"parts":[109],"trace":[111],"data.":[112],"Our":[113],"works":[115],"collecting":[117],"streams":[118],"calls":[121,148],"execution":[124,152],"process":[127],"using":[128],"Linux":[130],"Trace":[131],"Toolkit":[132],"Next":[133],"Generation(LTTng),":[134],"sending":[135],"them":[136],"machine":[139],"learning":[140],"module":[141],"reveals":[143],"subsequences":[145],"based":[149],"their":[151],"times":[153],"frequency.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"real":[159],"datasets":[160],"from":[161,188],"two":[162],"different":[163],"applications":[164],"(e.g.,":[165],"MySQL":[166],"Chrome),":[168],"for":[169],"varying":[170],"scenarios":[171],"terms":[173],"available":[175],"labeled":[176],"data,":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"effectiveness":[180],"our":[182],"approach":[183],"distinguish":[185],"normal":[186],"sequences":[187],"ones.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
