{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152150563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23070830","title":"An Active Inference Model of Collective Intelligence","display_name":"An Active Inference Model of Collective Intelligence","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152150563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23070830","mag":"3152150563","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34210008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23070830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23070830","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/7/830/pdf?version=1624975702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/7/830/pdf?version=1624975702","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rafael Kaufmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Kaufmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pranav Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-1390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jacob Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-0369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia","Institute of Cognitive & Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive & Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.0132,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85730613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"830","last_page":"830"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.5795000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.5795000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.051600001752376556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.04619999974966049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-intelligence","display_name":"Collective intelligence","score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"Collective behavior","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agent","display_name":"Autonomous agent","score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.3456999957561493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6103000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89057211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432197","display_name":"Collective intelligence","level":2,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100339178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548752","display_name":"Collective behavior","level":2,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392811","display_name":"Agent-based model","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986342778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Cognitive systems","level":3,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161407221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382939","display_name":"Cognitive model","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23070830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23070830","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/7/830/pdf?version=1624975702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34210008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34210008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.01066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01066","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.01066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/295674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/295674","pdf_url":"https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstreams/73614722-1a61-4a74-9092-577742465ebe/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47130c351f0c4e68abc17167a2a41420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47130c351f0c4e68abc17167a2a41420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 7, p 830 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/7/830/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 7; Pages: 830","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8306784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8306784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23070830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23070830","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/7/830/pdf?version=1624975702","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152150563.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3152150563.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178647689","https://openalex.org/W966792553","https://openalex.org/W1493837811","https://openalex.org/W1524895715","https://openalex.org/W1620203002","https://openalex.org/W1635900978","https://openalex.org/W1976450472","https://openalex.org/W1998651249","https://openalex.org/W1998773812","https://openalex.org/W2004652753","https://openalex.org/W2024149692","https://openalex.org/W2049890080","https://openalex.org/W2055281104","https://openalex.org/W2055789905","https://openalex.org/W2068666418","https://openalex.org/W2081002412","https://openalex.org/W2083014579","https://openalex.org/W2085876742","https://openalex.org/W2086207208","https://openalex.org/W2094761309","https://openalex.org/W2100213394","https://openalex.org/W2106980598","https://openalex.org/W2114577239","https://openalex.org/W2120220258","https://openalex.org/W2124884997","https://openalex.org/W2127978988","https://openalex.org/W2130307024","https://openalex.org/W2133333909","https://openalex.org/W2134822928","https://openalex.org/W2137411342","https://openalex.org/W2147008239","https://openalex.org/W2148764920","https://openalex.org/W2150704630","https://openalex.org/W2157376352","https://openalex.org/W2163783488","https://openalex.org/W2194225532","https://openalex.org/W2405324922","https://openalex.org/W2463330366","https://openalex.org/W2484983710","https://openalex.org/W2531083186","https://openalex.org/W2548218421","https://openalex.org/W2561500337","https://openalex.org/W2586431187","https://openalex.org/W2587030436","https://openalex.org/W2587865696","https://openalex.org/W2588883461","https://openalex.org/W2617660370","https://openalex.org/W2734619948","https://openalex.org/W2754844655","https://openalex.org/W2767970494","https://openalex.org/W2783657280","https://openalex.org/W2792882325","https://openalex.org/W2796335404","https://openalex.org/W2804650993","https://openalex.org/W2808014522","https://openalex.org/W2886126577","https://openalex.org/W2898317459","https://openalex.org/W2902305973","https://openalex.org/W2908555537","https://openalex.org/W2909444209","https://openalex.org/W2913572827","https://openalex.org/W2933899145","https://openalex.org/W2947609478","https://openalex.org/W2955082317","https://openalex.org/W2969932942","https://openalex.org/W2989729815","https://openalex.org/W3008109336","https://openalex.org/W3010319845","https://openalex.org/W3012568092","https://openalex.org/W3012959192","https://openalex.org/W3020913839","https://openalex.org/W3088950732","https://openalex.org/W3090657328","https://openalex.org/W3099576249","https://openalex.org/W3108903840","https://openalex.org/W3124098071","https://openalex.org/W3163271954","https://openalex.org/W4233232147","https://openalex.org/W4235739886","https://openalex.org/W4240024350","https://openalex.org/W4241799038","https://openalex.org/W4244907709","https://openalex.org/W4249601997","https://openalex.org/W4294333904","https://openalex.org/W6680874324","https://openalex.org/W6787225507","https://openalex.org/W6788657583","https://openalex.org/W6964256740","https://openalex.org/W6982153354"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collective":[0],"intelligence,":[1],"an":[2,161,169],"emergent":[3],"phenomenon":[4],"in":[5,29,146,168,190,271],"which":[6],"a":[7,44,78,95],"composite":[8,64],"system":[9,65,89,202],"of":[10,21,39,48,62,84,114,126,136,148,156,222,241,254,263],"multiple":[11],"interacting":[12,223],"agents":[13,118,225],"performs":[14],"at":[15,90],"levels":[16],"greater":[17],"than":[18,228],"the":[19,49,63,73,82,101,112,154,220,261],"sum":[20],"its":[22],"parts,":[23],"has":[24],"long":[25],"compelled":[26],"research":[27],"efforts":[28],"social":[30],"and":[31,59,107,134,166,178,213,273],"behavioral":[32],"sciences.":[33],"To":[34],"date,":[35],"however,":[36],"formal":[37],"models":[38,240],"collective":[40,108,242,248,269],"intelligence":[41,270],"have":[42,179],"lacked":[43],"plausible":[45],"mathematical":[46],"description":[47],"relationship":[50,102],"between":[51,54,103,210],"local-scale":[52],"interactions":[53],"autonomous":[55,175],"sub-system":[56],"components":[57],"(individuals)":[58],"global-scale":[60],"behavior":[61,83,249],"(the":[66],"collective).":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper":[70],"we":[71],"use":[72],"Active":[74],"Inference":[75],"Formulation":[76],"(AIF),":[77],"framework":[79],"for":[80,160,208,247],"explaining":[81],"any":[85,91],"non-equilibrium":[86],"steady":[87],"state":[88],"scale,":[92],"to":[93,164,184,187,234,268],"posit":[94],"minimal":[96],"agent-based":[97],"model":[98],"that":[99,197],"simulates":[100],"local":[104,212],"individual-level":[105],"interaction":[106],"intelligence.":[109],"We":[110],"explore":[111],"effects":[113],"providing":[115,205],"baseline":[116],"AIF":[117,162,176,224],"(Model":[119,128,132,141],"1)":[120],"with":[121,138],"specific":[122],"cognitive":[123,149,192,199],"capabilities:":[124],"Theory":[125,135],"Mind":[127,137],"2),":[129],"Goal":[130,139],"Alignment":[131,140,216],"3),":[133],"4).":[142],"These":[143,256],"stepwise":[144,198],"transitions":[145,200],"sophistication":[147],"ability":[150],"are":[151],"motivated":[152],"by":[153,172,204,232],"types":[155,262],"advancements":[157],"plausibly":[158],"required":[159],"agent":[163],"persist":[165],"flourish":[167],"environment":[170],"populated":[171],"other":[173,274],"highly":[174],"agents,":[177],"also":[180],"recently":[181],"been":[182],"shown":[183],"map":[185],"naturally":[186],"canonical":[188],"steps":[189],"human":[191,272],"ability.":[193],"Illustrative":[194],"results":[195,257],"show":[196],"increase":[201],"performance":[203],"complementary":[206],"mechanisms":[207],"alignment":[209],"agents'":[211,235],"global":[214],"optima.":[215],"emerges":[217],"endogenously":[218],"from":[219],"dynamics":[221],"themselves,":[226],"rather":[227],"being":[229],"imposed":[230],"exogenously":[231],"incentives":[233],"behaviors":[236],"(contra":[237,250],"existing":[238,251],"computational":[239],"intelligence)":[243],"or":[244],"top-down":[245],"priors":[246],"multiscale":[252],"simulations":[253],"AIF).":[255],"shed":[258],"light":[259],"on":[260],"generic":[264],"information-theoretic":[265],"patterns":[266],"conducive":[267],"complex":[275],"adaptive":[276],"systems.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
