{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171653148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732","title":"Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries","display_name":"Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171653148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732","mag":"3171653148","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34207522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23060732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/6/732/pdf?version=1623213715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/6/732/pdf?version=1623213715","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066918101","display_name":"Luthais B. McCash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-3231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luthais B. McCash","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics & Actuarial Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-3231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics & Actuarial Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054498937","display_name":"Salman Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-3342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017683963","display_name":"S. Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-011X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sohail Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014356417","display_name":"S. Saleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-3626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017683963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.3951,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92914998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"732","last_page":"732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12141","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid","display_name":"Nanofluid","score":0.9368491172790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peristalsis","display_name":"Peristalsis","score":0.7846696972846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duct","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","score":0.6597107648849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5377896428108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.4815407395362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3747609853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37471094727516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.3198055922985077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28913408517837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17012110352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.16275644302368164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.9368491172790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206813253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308695","display_name":"Peristalsis","level":2,"score":0.7846696972846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256181","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.6597107648849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5377896428108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4815407395362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3747609853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37471094727516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3198055922985077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28913408517837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17012110352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.16275644302368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23060732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/6/732/pdf?version=1623213715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34207522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34207522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:81549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a56718336c174304b244f5a47d6775fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a56718336c174304b244f5a47d6775fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 6, p 732 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/6/732/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 6; Pages: 732","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8227057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8227057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23060732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/6/732/pdf?version=1623213715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171653148.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3171653148.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208734261","https://openalex.org/W1968496599","https://openalex.org/W1977252749","https://openalex.org/W2006429699","https://openalex.org/W2024794510","https://openalex.org/W2050272220","https://openalex.org/W2062063408","https://openalex.org/W2082913685","https://openalex.org/W2473467990","https://openalex.org/W2588487315","https://openalex.org/W2616507152","https://openalex.org/W2739959830","https://openalex.org/W2942751648","https://openalex.org/W2946047053","https://openalex.org/W3008472138","https://openalex.org/W3014161129","https://openalex.org/W3016491220","https://openalex.org/W3033663972","https://openalex.org/W3039041537","https://openalex.org/W3040700439","https://openalex.org/W3088197597","https://openalex.org/W3089182039","https://openalex.org/W3093455982","https://openalex.org/W3119572621","https://openalex.org/W3120625353","https://openalex.org/W3135750825","https://openalex.org/W3135840784","https://openalex.org/W3140331189","https://openalex.org/W3140974986","https://openalex.org/W3157863154","https://openalex.org/W4253045235","https://openalex.org/W6788232711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754636322","https://openalex.org/W3150003624","https://openalex.org/W2063777876","https://openalex.org/W2809186558","https://openalex.org/W1938556690","https://openalex.org/W2886903305","https://openalex.org/W3095291729","https://openalex.org/W3005225185","https://openalex.org/W4387013174","https://openalex.org/W4384501983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Peristaltic":[0],"flow":[1,55],"of":[2,70],"hybrid":[3,49],"nanofluid":[4,46],"inside":[5],"a":[6,31,40,48,53],"duct":[7],"having":[8],"sinusoidally":[9],"advancing":[10],"boundaries":[11],"and":[12,52],"elliptic":[13],"cross-section":[14],"is":[15,62],"mathematically":[16],"investigated.":[17],"The":[18],"notable":[19],"irreversibility":[20],"effects":[21],"are":[22],"also":[23,63],"examined":[24],"in":[25],"this":[26,37,71],"mathematical":[27,72],"research":[28],"by":[29],"considering":[30],"descriptive":[32],"entropy":[33],"analysis.":[34,73],"In":[35],"addition,":[36],"work":[38],"provides":[39],"comparison":[41],"analysis":[42],"for":[43],"two":[44],"distinct":[45],"models:":[47],"model":[50,56],"(Cu-Ag/water)":[51],"phase":[54],"(Cu/water).":[57],"A":[58],"comprehensive":[59],"graphical":[60],"description":[61],"provided":[64],"to":[65],"interpret":[66],"the":[67],"physical":[68],"aspects":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}