{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3150516776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050590","title":"Multiple Observations for Secret-Key Binding with SRAM PUFs","display_name":"Multiple Observations for Secret-Key Binding with SRAM PUFs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3150516776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050590","mag":"3150516776","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050590","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/590/pdf?version=1620808553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/590/pdf?version=1620808553","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086970727","display_name":"Lieneke Kusters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-4135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lieneke Kusters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communication Theory Lab, Signal Processing Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-4135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Theory Lab, Signal Processing Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039843593","display_name":"F.M.J. Willems","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-3471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frans M. J. Willems","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communication Theory Lab, Signal Processing Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-3471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Theory Lab, Signal Processing Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086970727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.4539,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56158429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"590","last_page":"590"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7452504634857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.7126389741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6933119297027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6571403741836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.47274598479270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41410475969314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.41035011410713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3702038526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24656131863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.13631537556648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12404236197471619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.06489890813827515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7452504634857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7126389741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6933119297027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6571403741836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.47274598479270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41410475969314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.41035011410713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3702038526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24656131863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.13631537556648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12404236197471619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.06489890813827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050590","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/590/pdf?version=1620808553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34064593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/b3514442-9849-41e1-97d2-0c84766047a7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/b3514442-9849-41e1-97d2-0c84766047a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kusters, L & Willems, F M J 2021, 'Multiple observations for secret-key binding with SRAM PUFs', Entropy, vol. 23, no. 5, 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050590","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54d793eac71d4558848040e46cb479e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54d793eac71d4558848040e46cb479e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 590 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/5/590/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 5; Pages: 590","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8150582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8150582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/b3514442-9849-41e1-97d2-0c84766047a7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/b3514442-9849-41e1-97d2-0c84766047a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, 23(5):590. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050590","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/590/pdf?version=1620808553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4088605540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Eurostars E!11897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338388","display_name":"Eurostars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3150516776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3150516776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104720657","https://openalex.org/W203309928","https://openalex.org/W1494099594","https://openalex.org/W1562669673","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2028976425","https://openalex.org/W2032551902","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2106833918","https://openalex.org/W2108777864","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2129004891","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2138474025","https://openalex.org/W2140432860","https://openalex.org/W2144418895","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2174648984","https://openalex.org/W2402254862","https://openalex.org/W2743833427","https://openalex.org/W2901220633","https://openalex.org/W2914758464","https://openalex.org/W2963154589","https://openalex.org/W2963249535","https://openalex.org/W3048104848","https://openalex.org/W3091927229","https://openalex.org/W4300840296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2212894501","https://openalex.org/W1979375376","https://openalex.org/W2793465010","https://openalex.org/W3024050170","https://openalex.org/W1976168335","https://openalex.org/W2109451123","https://openalex.org/W4378977321","https://openalex.org/W3211992815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,71,90,150],"present":[1,151,189],"a":[2,19,43,152,190,212],"new":[3,153,173],"Multiple-Observations":[4],"(MO)":[5],"helper":[6,39,69,128,195,201],"data":[7,40,129,196,202],"scheme":[8,17,75,95,114,133,158,197,219],"for":[9,79,155],"secret-key":[10,77],"binding":[11],"to":[12,22,34,107],"an":[13,101,142,166],"SRAM-PUF.":[14,28],"This":[15],"MO":[16,185,194],"binds":[18],"single":[20,44],"key":[21],"multiple":[23],"enrollment":[24,45,83],"observations":[25,164],"of":[26,59,82,93,119,137,208,217],"the":[27,54,57,60,68,74,94,109,117,120,124,135,138,156,161,172,179,184,193,200,209,214,218],"Performance":[29],"is":[30,88,105,123,175,220],"improved":[31,221],"in":[32,67,145],"comparison":[33],"classic":[35],"schemes":[36],"which":[37,144],"generate":[38],"based":[41],"on":[42,192],"observation.":[46],"The":[47,131],"performance":[48,92,182,216],"increase":[49],"can":[50],"be":[51],"explained":[52],"by":[53],"fact":[55],"that":[56,73,115,159,171,198],"reliabilities":[58,118],"different":[61],"SRAM":[62,121,139],"cells":[63,122,140],"are":[64,147],"modeled":[65],"(implicitly)":[66],"data.":[70],"prove":[72],"achieves":[76,178],"capacity":[78],"any":[80],"number":[81],"observations,":[84],"and,":[85],"therefore,":[86],"it":[87],"optimal.":[89],"evaluate":[91],"using":[96],"Monte":[97],"Carlo":[98],"simulations,":[99],"where":[100],"off-the-shelf":[102],"LDPC":[103],"code":[104],"used":[106],"implement":[108],"linear":[110],"error-correcting":[111,215],"code.":[112],"Another":[113],"models":[116],"so-called":[125],"Soft-Decision":[126],"(SD)":[127],"scheme.":[130,186],"SD":[132,157],"considers":[134,160],"one-probabilities":[136],"as":[141,165,183],"input,":[143],"practice":[146],"not":[148],"observable.":[149],"strategy":[154,174],"binary":[162],"SRAM-PUF":[163],"input":[167],"instead":[168],"and":[169,177],"show":[170],"optimal":[176],"same":[180],"reconstruction":[181,207],"Finally,":[187],"we":[188],"variation":[191],"updates":[199],"sequentially":[203],"after":[204],"each":[205],"successful":[206],"key.":[210],"As":[211],"result,":[213],"over":[222],"time.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}