{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161684485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050573","title":"Can Quantum Correlations Lead to Violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?","display_name":"Can Quantum Correlations Lead to Violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161684485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050573","mag":"3161684485","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34067021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050573","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/573/pdf?version=1620381270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/573/pdf?version=1620381270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002462532","display_name":"Alexey V. Melkikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-1981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130823665","display_name":"Ural Federal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hs7dr46","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130823665"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089467","display_name":"Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/005n3yy14","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210089467"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexey V. Melkikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130823665","https://openalex.org/I4210089467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002462532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130823665","https://openalex.org/I4210089467"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.4647,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59898274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"573","last_page":"573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10402","display_name":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnot-cycle","display_name":"Carnot cycle","score":0.8430057168006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-thermodynamics","display_name":"Quantum thermodynamics","score":0.7784820795059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-law-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","score":0.7177790403366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.6871811747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.5935579538345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laws-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","score":0.5814753174781799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5339637398719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5327990651130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.48019206523895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4794667959213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-engine","display_name":"Heat engine","score":0.4141535758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-irreversible-thermodynamics","display_name":"Extended irreversible thermodynamics","score":0.4133254587650299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-discord","display_name":"Quantum discord","score":0.4128609299659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.40859198570251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.33737727999687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.3274868130683899}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119104473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188910","display_name":"Carnot cycle","level":2,"score":0.8430057168006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776897741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12212546","display_name":"Quantum thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.7784820795059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119820323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177045","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.7177790403366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.6871811747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.5935579538345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18815010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849392","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.5814753174781799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5339637398719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5327990651130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.48019206523895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4794667959213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57198161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178185","display_name":"Heat engine","level":2,"score":0.4141535758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140767772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421889","display_name":"Extended irreversible thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.4133254587650299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139356082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269038","display_name":"Quantum discord","level":4,"score":0.4128609299659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.40859198570251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.33737727999687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3274868130683899}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050573","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/573/pdf?version=1620381270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34067021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34067021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:elar.urfu.ru:10995/102906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106037784&doi=10.3390%2fe23050573&partnerID=40&md5=17b9b0d4fdfa48b7ebf3a50bd1aa8786","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/573/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922546","display_name":"Electronic Archive of Ural Federal University (ELAR UrFU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8151929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8151929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f10555ed9fa42d0873af51b9fad4f5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f10555ed9fa42d0873af51b9fad4f5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 573 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/5/573/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 5; Pages: 573","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050573","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/573/pdf?version=1620381270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161684485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161684485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W384246089","https://openalex.org/W1514485869","https://openalex.org/W1636409682","https://openalex.org/W1672675904","https://openalex.org/W1964174336","https://openalex.org/W1970845041","https://openalex.org/W1989182158","https://openalex.org/W2029898484","https://openalex.org/W2094810855","https://openalex.org/W2099840417","https://openalex.org/W2103576134","https://openalex.org/W2135682560","https://openalex.org/W2152983457","https://openalex.org/W2241099187","https://openalex.org/W2308918765","https://openalex.org/W2346052900","https://openalex.org/W2425675572","https://openalex.org/W2508760536","https://openalex.org/W2766919573","https://openalex.org/W2944713539","https://openalex.org/W2994231454","https://openalex.org/W3024622629","https://openalex.org/W3097213615","https://openalex.org/W3098165131","https://openalex.org/W3098449422","https://openalex.org/W3099964320","https://openalex.org/W3101020542","https://openalex.org/W3102415379","https://openalex.org/W3103672596","https://openalex.org/W3104795130","https://openalex.org/W3161191222","https://openalex.org/W4229548728","https://openalex.org/W6637393708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964570781","https://openalex.org/W2265912127","https://openalex.org/W2158369507","https://openalex.org/W2339112116","https://openalex.org/W2012222924","https://openalex.org/W4366268824","https://openalex.org/W2488096085","https://openalex.org/W3134853356","https://openalex.org/W4285077567","https://openalex.org/W3138427182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"entanglement":[1,77,134],"can":[2,65],"cause":[3],"the":[4,14,17,28,45,67,73,76,79,82,85,87,107,126,130],"efficiency":[5,15],"of":[6,16,27,31,47,69,75,78,81,89,106,110,114,125,132],"a":[7,25,60,70,104,122],"heat":[8],"engine":[9],"to":[10,103,121],"be":[11,52,94],"greater":[12],"than":[13],"Carnot":[18],"cycle.":[19],"However,":[20],"this":[21],"does":[22],"not":[23,59],"mean":[24],"violation":[26,105],"second":[29,108],"law":[30,109],"thermodynamics,":[32],"since":[33],"there":[34],"is":[35,58,119],"no":[36],"local":[37,48],"equilibrium":[38],"for":[39],"pure":[40],"quantum":[41,99,133],"states,":[42],"and,":[43],"in":[44,112,135],"absence":[46],"equilibrium,":[49],"thermodynamics":[50,111],"cannot":[51,101],"formulated":[53],"correctly.":[54],"Von":[55],"Neumann":[56],"entropy":[57],"thermodynamic":[61],"quantity,":[62],"although":[63],"it":[64],"characterize":[66],"ordering":[68],"system.":[71],"In":[72,96],"case":[74],"particles":[80],"system":[83,92],"with":[84],"environment,":[86],"concept":[88],"an":[90],"isolated":[91],"should":[93],"refined.":[95],"any":[97,113],"case,":[98],"correlations":[100],"lead":[102],"its":[115],"formulations.":[116],"This":[117],"article":[118],"devoted":[120],"technical":[123],"discussion":[124],"expected":[127],"results":[128],"on":[129],"role":[131],"thermodynamics.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}