{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157848381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050497","title":"LPA-MNI: An Improved Label Propagation Algorithm Based on Modularity and Node Importance for Community Detection","display_name":"LPA-MNI: An Improved Label Propagation Algorithm Based on Modularity and Node Importance for Community Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157848381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050497","mag":"3157848381","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33919470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/497/pdf?version=1619080270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/497/pdf?version=1619080270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319232","display_name":"Huan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-2589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088612057","display_name":"Ruisheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6585-2656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruisheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062004258","display_name":"Zhili Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhili Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011513741","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-7409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088612057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":4.5936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95621733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"497","last_page":"497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.8765672445297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.811093807220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7511803507804871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7121248245239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5393168330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.5047537088394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.46488022804260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-structure","display_name":"Community structure","score":0.4231649339199066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23441094160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09478524327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06047353148460388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8765672445297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.811093807220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7511803507804871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7121248245239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5393168330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.5047537088394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46488022804260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133079900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155065","display_name":"Community structure","level":2,"score":0.4231649339199066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23441094160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09478524327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06047353148460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/497/pdf?version=1619080270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33919470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33919470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:/ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/450965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/450965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48012c635b684c2fa078afd54eaa8850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48012c635b684c2fa078afd54eaa8850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 497 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/5/497/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 5; Pages: 497","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8143565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8143565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23050497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/5/497/pdf?version=1619080270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3693147287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"lzujbky-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6040639042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"lzujbky","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6838860384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"lzujbky-2020-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7741744528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7990893501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"lzujbky-2017-191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157848381.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157848381.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W792047720","https://openalex.org/W1574010683","https://openalex.org/W1692247819","https://openalex.org/W1967140769","https://openalex.org/W1970913835","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2011401040","https://openalex.org/W2011843642","https://openalex.org/W2013307517","https://openalex.org/W2015953751","https://openalex.org/W2017588197","https://openalex.org/W2023655578","https://openalex.org/W2034220069","https://openalex.org/W2034279037","https://openalex.org/W2037096232","https://openalex.org/W2038920443","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2056259573","https://openalex.org/W2065769502","https://openalex.org/W2072808937","https://openalex.org/W2078412950","https://openalex.org/W2088162437","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2098509290","https://openalex.org/W2107157233","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2111642621","https://openalex.org/W2118059508","https://openalex.org/W2119423198","https://openalex.org/W2120043163","https://openalex.org/W2121167247","https://openalex.org/W2121564430","https://openalex.org/W2125315567","https://openalex.org/W2127048411","https://openalex.org/W2128366083","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2132202037","https://openalex.org/W2139694940","https://openalex.org/W2146815027","https://openalex.org/W2151936673","https://openalex.org/W2152284345","https://openalex.org/W2157533417","https://openalex.org/W2164998314","https://openalex.org/W2294347342","https://openalex.org/W2333350679","https://openalex.org/W2365819673","https://openalex.org/W2616094075","https://openalex.org/W2616190880","https://openalex.org/W2667297224","https://openalex.org/W2769458339","https://openalex.org/W2771459441","https://openalex.org/W2788718083","https://openalex.org/W2790040792","https://openalex.org/W2886572359","https://openalex.org/W2913351023","https://openalex.org/W2945472042","https://openalex.org/W2949078036","https://openalex.org/W2957685225","https://openalex.org/W2963455014","https://openalex.org/W2963666064","https://openalex.org/W2973895423","https://openalex.org/W2974942667","https://openalex.org/W2975725283","https://openalex.org/W2989847331","https://openalex.org/W2998154301","https://openalex.org/W2998576649","https://openalex.org/W3005802831","https://openalex.org/W3045237327","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3100069540","https://openalex.org/W3101413764","https://openalex.org/W3102641634","https://openalex.org/W3103071483","https://openalex.org/W3103973800","https://openalex.org/W3112226715","https://openalex.org/W3115448423","https://openalex.org/W3131819656","https://openalex.org/W6668708031","https://openalex.org/W6677661807","https://openalex.org/W6785446730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349859869","https://openalex.org/W2362940594","https://openalex.org/W2153048426","https://openalex.org/W2079295974","https://openalex.org/W4245135119","https://openalex.org/W1681823257","https://openalex.org/W3114311606","https://openalex.org/W1917559760","https://openalex.org/W2570739995","https://openalex.org/W2011882979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Community":[0],"detection":[1],"is":[2,17,39,72,90,156],"of":[3,10,28,66,97,103,115,128],"great":[4],"significance":[5],"in":[6,41],"understanding":[7],"the":[8,11,26,46,53,59,64,69,76,94,101,112,132,163],"structure":[9],"network.":[12],"Label":[13],"propagation":[14,35,71],"algorithm":[15,36],"(LPA)":[16],"a":[18],"classical":[19],"and":[20,30,49,100,125,131,142],"effective":[21],"method,":[22],"but":[23],"it":[24],"has":[25,137],"problems":[27],"randomness":[29],"instability.":[31],"An":[32],"improved":[33],"label":[34,70,98,104],"named":[37],"LPA-MNI":[38,56,136,155],"proposed":[40],"this":[42],"study":[43],"by":[44,111],"combining":[45],"modularity":[47],"function":[48],"node":[50,88,95],"importance":[51,89],"with":[52,149],"original":[54],"LPA.":[55],"first":[57],"identify":[58],"initial":[60,85],"communities":[61],"according":[62],"to":[63,74,84,92,158],"value":[65],"modularity.":[67],"Subsequently,":[68],"used":[73,91],"cluster":[75],"remaining":[77],"nodes":[78],"that":[79,135],"have":[80],"not":[81],"been":[82],"assigned":[83],"communities.":[86],"Meanwhile,":[87],"improve":[93],"order":[96],"updating":[99],"mechanism":[102],"selecting":[105],"when":[106,147],"multiple":[107],"labels":[108],"are":[109,119],"contained":[110],"maximum":[113],"number":[114],"nodes.":[116],"Extensive":[117],"experiments":[118],"performed":[120],"on":[121],"twelve":[122],"real-world":[123],"networks":[124],"eight":[126],"groups":[127],"synthetic":[129],"networks,":[130],"results":[133],"show":[134],"better":[138],"accuracy,":[139],"higher":[140],"modularity,":[141],"more":[143,160],"reasonable":[144],"community":[145],"numbers":[146],"compared":[148],"other":[150],"six":[151],"algorithms.":[152],"In":[153],"addition,":[154],"shown":[157],"be":[159],"robust":[161],"than":[162],"traditional":[164],"LPA":[165],"algorithm.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}