{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153311152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23040468","title":"The Quality of Statistical Reporting and Data Presentation in Predatory Dental Journals Was Lower Than in Non-Predatory Journals","display_name":"The Quality of Statistical Reporting and Data Presentation in Predatory Dental Journals Was Lower Than in Non-Predatory Journals","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153311152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23040468","mag":"3153311152","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23040468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23040468","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/4/468/pdf?version=1618546087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/4/468/pdf?version=1618546087","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056379244","display_name":"Pentti Nieminen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-586X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pentti Nieminen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Informatics and Data Analysis Research Group, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-586X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Informatics and Data Analysis Research Group, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076743359","display_name":"Sergio Uribe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0684-2025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16465266","display_name":"Austral University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/029ycp228","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16465266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201787326","display_name":"Riga Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00twb6c09","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126294","display_name":"Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadks56","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126294"]}],"countries":["CL","LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio E. Uribe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia","Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia","School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Rudloff, Valdivia 1640, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0684-2025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Rudloff, Valdivia 1640, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16465266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056379244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.8877,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86925818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"468","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9337999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.7221235632896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5703878998756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-research","display_name":"Dental research","score":0.5559056997299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-presentation","display_name":"Data presentation","score":0.46980199217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-score","display_name":"Quality Score","score":0.4605274796485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.42840316891670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-significance","display_name":"Statistical significance","score":0.4256798326969147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.4134933352470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3781313896179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2353971302509308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dentistry","display_name":"Dentistry","score":0.21527469158172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.13683316111564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11675935983657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10494542121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.090172678232193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.07629099488258362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.7221235632896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5703878998756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994040737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dental research","level":2,"score":0.5559056997299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985584371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215121","display_name":"Data presentation","level":3,"score":0.46980199217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779346075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268763","display_name":"Quality Score","level":3,"score":0.4605274796485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.42840316891670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.4256798326969147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4134933352470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3781313896179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2353971302509308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.21527469158172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.13683316111564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11675935983657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10494542121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.090172678232193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07629099488258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23040468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23040468","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/4/468/pdf?version=1618546087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33923391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2021070541115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2021070541115","pdf_url":"https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/10024/30579/1/nbnfi-fe2021070541115.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1cbf9d55eea1489d91533b942dcb0321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1cbf9d55eea1489d91533b942dcb0321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 4, p 468 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/4/468/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23040468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 4; Pages: 468","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8071575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8071575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23040468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23040468","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/4/468/pdf?version=1618546087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153311152.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153311152.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W296301272","https://openalex.org/W1500996557","https://openalex.org/W1746983276","https://openalex.org/W1951198794","https://openalex.org/W1968382311","https://openalex.org/W1972587260","https://openalex.org/W1984709400","https://openalex.org/W2002408078","https://openalex.org/W2002463857","https://openalex.org/W2010780893","https://openalex.org/W2064123557","https://openalex.org/W2118195614","https://openalex.org/W2148686350","https://openalex.org/W2175672493","https://openalex.org/W2463568293","https://openalex.org/W2464058844","https://openalex.org/W2496011409","https://openalex.org/W2525476866","https://openalex.org/W2531483449","https://openalex.org/W2540285259","https://openalex.org/W2561626594","https://openalex.org/W2571766406","https://openalex.org/W2583844429","https://openalex.org/W2598543250","https://openalex.org/W2737427537","https://openalex.org/W2741809807","https://openalex.org/W2767772604","https://openalex.org/W2800975350","https://openalex.org/W2805829272","https://openalex.org/W2811055236","https://openalex.org/W2885134687","https://openalex.org/W2947186558","https://openalex.org/W3004819416","https://openalex.org/W3005519724","https://openalex.org/W3034172726","https://openalex.org/W3084009055","https://openalex.org/W4245410681","https://openalex.org/W4249889786","https://openalex.org/W6677851932","https://openalex.org/W6733225662","https://openalex.org/W6742203360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237209601","https://openalex.org/W2355627001","https://openalex.org/W4205948420","https://openalex.org/W3172532010","https://openalex.org/W2350491188","https://openalex.org/W2366675370","https://openalex.org/W4390175766","https://openalex.org/W3032702396","https://openalex.org/W2376920107","https://openalex.org/W1964932730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proper":[0],"peer":[1,197],"review":[2],"and":[3,31,42,58,69,76,102,120,158,188],"quality":[4,27,72,96,138,165,182],"of":[5,13,19,28,73,79,98,139,142],"published":[6,37,51,62,145],"articles":[7,36,50],"are":[8,190],"often":[9],"regarded":[10],"as":[11],"signs":[12],"reliable":[14],"scientific":[15],"journals.":[16,46,128,161],"The":[17,71,93,129,137],"aim":[18],"this":[20],"study":[21,172],"was":[22,82,105,149],"to":[23,90,151,170,193],"compare":[24],"whether":[25],"the":[26,99,109,116,124,186],"statistical":[29,74,100,140,176],"reporting":[30,75,101,141,177],"data":[32,77,103],"presentation":[33,78,104],"differs":[34],"among":[35],"in":[38,43,52,63,146,155,164,183],"'predatory":[39,53],"dental":[40,45,65,127],"journals'":[41,57],"other":[44],"We":[47],"evaluated":[48],"50":[49],"open":[54,156],"access":[55,157],"(OA)":[56],"100":[59],"clinical":[60,143],"trials":[61],"legitimate":[64,117],"journals":[66,148,189],"between":[67],"2019":[68],"2020.":[70],"each":[80],"paper":[81],"assessed":[83],"on":[84],"a":[85,167],"scale":[86],"from":[87],"0":[88],"(poor)":[89],"10":[91],"(high).":[92],"mean":[94,130],"(SD)":[95],"score":[97],"2.5":[106],"(1.4)":[107],"for":[108,115,123],"predatory":[110,147],"OA":[111,118],"journals,":[112,119],"4.8":[113],"(1.8)":[114,122],"5.6":[121],"more":[125],"visible":[126],"values":[131],"differed":[132],"significantly":[133],"(<i>p</i>":[134],"<":[135],"0.001).":[136],"studies":[144],"found":[150],"be":[152,194],"lower":[153,181],"than":[154],"highly":[159],"cited":[160],"This":[162],"difference":[163],"is":[166],"wake-up":[168],"call":[169],"consume":[171],"results":[173],"critically.":[174],"Poor":[175],"indicates":[178],"wider":[179],"general":[180],"publications":[184],"where":[185],"authors":[187],"less":[191],"likely":[192],"critiqued":[195],"by":[196],"review.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
