{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131543739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23030274","title":"Application of Improved Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic Reinforcement Learning Model on Anomaly Detection","display_name":"Application of Improved Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic Reinforcement Learning Model on Anomaly Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131543739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23030274","mag":"3131543739","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23030274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23030274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/274/pdf?version=1616377782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/274/pdf?version=1616377782","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101586940","display_name":"Kun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-6017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computer Application, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computer Application, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028467074","display_name":"Wenyong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042835723","display_name":"Teng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-0210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computer Application, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computer Application, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055332125","display_name":"Kai Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-8931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computer Application, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computer Application, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028467074","https://openalex.org/A5101586940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I2801345734"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.7992,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9183149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"274","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8300532102584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7874287962913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6770360469818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6738201379776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6635639667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6176117062568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5278244614601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.49019676446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.43851232528686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4245380163192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07502666115760803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8300532102584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7874287962913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6770360469818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6738201379776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6635639667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6176117062568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5278244614601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49019676446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.43851232528686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4245380163192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07502666115760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23030274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23030274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/274/pdf?version=1616377782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33668769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:476a74332c244c48bb2bcdcc7d75e297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/476a74332c244c48bb2bcdcc7d75e297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 274 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/3/274/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 3; Pages: 274","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7996251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7996251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23030274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23030274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/274/pdf?version=1616377782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7600696581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJ2019A05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321536","funder_display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8772249762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XH35 and SJ2019A05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321536","funder_display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321536","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131543739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131543739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135902891","https://openalex.org/W1547925194","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W2014104262","https://openalex.org/W2056081083","https://openalex.org/W2065776696","https://openalex.org/W2074399002","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2337344967","https://openalex.org/W2344173564","https://openalex.org/W2487501366","https://openalex.org/W2518732252","https://openalex.org/W2527819024","https://openalex.org/W2611484353","https://openalex.org/W2621614835","https://openalex.org/W2743138268","https://openalex.org/W2744316982","https://openalex.org/W2744714095","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2760451156","https://openalex.org/W2766761849","https://openalex.org/W2768956845","https://openalex.org/W2772526503","https://openalex.org/W2782999659","https://openalex.org/W2786088545","https://openalex.org/W2786827964","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2798302610","https://openalex.org/W2810550035","https://openalex.org/W2889836475","https://openalex.org/W2890946036","https://openalex.org/W2903523957","https://openalex.org/W2904539465","https://openalex.org/W2919232377","https://openalex.org/W2944545627","https://openalex.org/W2947802941","https://openalex.org/W2949500778","https://openalex.org/W2951883849","https://openalex.org/W2954278343","https://openalex.org/W2958447199","https://openalex.org/W2962459360","https://openalex.org/W2963307331","https://openalex.org/W2963832956","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2964061570","https://openalex.org/W2966559104","https://openalex.org/W2971015439","https://openalex.org/W2973862992","https://openalex.org/W2980199450","https://openalex.org/W2982084047","https://openalex.org/W2982676630","https://openalex.org/W2983270658","https://openalex.org/W3009317244","https://openalex.org/W3038154406","https://openalex.org/W3044129898","https://openalex.org/W3081229243","https://openalex.org/W3097660259","https://openalex.org/W3101076092","https://openalex.org/W3105087971","https://openalex.org/W3105473318","https://openalex.org/W3106543020","https://openalex.org/W3109037541","https://openalex.org/W3111445527","https://openalex.org/W6632901617","https://openalex.org/W6754841127","https://openalex.org/W6757615711","https://openalex.org/W6769329695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3030345572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anomaly":[0],"detection":[1,216],"research":[2],"was":[3],"conducted":[4],"traditionally":[5],"using":[6,141],"mathematical":[7],"and":[8,36,76,82,103,113,126,147,152,168,177,185],"statistical":[9],"methods.":[10],"This":[11,54],"topic":[12],"has":[13,23],"been":[14],"widely":[15],"applied":[16],"in":[17,27],"many":[18,28],"fields.":[19],"Recently":[20],"reinforcement":[21,46,67],"learning":[22,47,68,81],"achieved":[24],"exceptional":[25],"successes":[26],"areas":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"the":[32,49,83,92,111,130,156,159,163,173,196,201,213],"AlphaGo":[33],"chess":[34],"playing":[35],"video":[37],"gaming":[38],"etc.":[39],"However,":[40],"there":[41],"were":[42,74,95,105,150,188],"scarce":[43],"researches":[44],"applying":[45],"to":[48,69,195],"field":[50],"of":[51,66,91,123,133,158,181],"anomaly":[52,215],"detection.":[53],"paper":[55],"therefore":[56],"aimed":[57],"at":[58,192,207],"proposing":[59,119],"an":[60],"adaptable":[61],"asynchronous":[62],"advantage":[63],"actor-critic":[64],"model":[65,86,109,161,203],"this":[70],"field.":[71],"The":[72,107,179],"performances":[73,137],"evaluated":[75,151],"compared":[77],"among":[78],"classical":[79,139],"machine":[80],"generative":[84],"adversarial":[85],"with":[87,138,162,212],"variants.":[88],"Basic":[89],"principles":[90],"related":[93],"models":[94,140],"introduced":[96],"firstly.":[97],"Then":[98],"problem":[99],"definitions,":[100],"modelling":[101],"processes":[102],"testing":[104],"detailed.":[106],"proposed":[108,160,202],"differentiated":[110],"sequence":[112],"image":[114],"from":[115],"other":[116],"anomalies":[117],"by":[118],"appropriate":[120],"neural":[121],"networks":[122],"attention":[124],"mechanism":[125],"convolutional":[127],"network":[128],"for":[129],"two":[131],"kinds":[132],"anomalies,":[134],"respectively.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"public":[142],"benchmark":[143],"datasets":[144,174],"(NSL-KDD,":[145],"AWID":[146],"CICIDS-2017,":[148],"DoHBrw-2020)":[149],"compared.":[153],"Experiments":[154],"confirmed":[155],"effectiveness":[157],"results":[164,211],"indicating":[165],"higher":[166,189],"rewards":[167],"lower":[169],"loss":[170],"rates":[171],"on":[172],"during":[175],"training":[176],"testing.":[178],"metrics":[180],"precision,":[182],"recall":[183],"rate":[184],"F1":[186],"score":[187],"than":[190],"or":[191,206],"least":[193,208],"comparable":[194,210],"state-of-the-art":[197],"models.":[198,217],"We":[199],"concluded":[200],"could":[204],"outperform":[205],"achieve":[209],"existing":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
