{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131280478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020255","title":"Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks","display_name":"Statistical Assessment of Discrimination Capabilities of a Fractional Calculus Based Image Watermarking System for Gaussian Watermarks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131280478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020255","mag":"3131280478","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33672152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23020255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/255/pdf?version=1648706823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/255/pdf?version=1648706823","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003069350","display_name":"Mario Gonz\u00e1lez-Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-5180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147280213","display_name":"Universidad Veracruzana","ror":"https://ror.org/03efxn362","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mario Gonzalez-Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda en Electr\u00f3nica y Comunicaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Poza Rica Veracruz C.P. 93390, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda en Electr\u00f3nica y Comunicaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Poza Rica Veracruz C.P. 93390, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004649966","display_name":"H\u00e9ctor V\u00e1zquez-Leal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-5272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147280213","display_name":"Universidad Veracruzana","ror":"https://ror.org/03efxn362","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146858","display_name":"Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz","ror":"https://ror.org/05gwc3q21","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146858"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hector Vazquez-Leal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consejo Veracruzano de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (COVEICYDET), Av. Rafael Murillo Vidal No. 1735, Cuauhtemoc, Xalapa Veracruz C.P. 91069, Mexico","Facultad de Instrumentaci\u00f3n Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Veracruzana Lomas del Estadio S/N, Xalapa Veracruz C.P. 91090, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-5272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consejo Veracruzano de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (COVEICYDET), Av. Rafael Murillo Vidal No. 1735, Cuauhtemoc, Xalapa Veracruz C.P. 91069, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146858"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Instrumentaci\u00f3n Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Veracruzana Lomas del Estadio S/N, Xalapa Veracruz C.P. 91090, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056429001","display_name":"Luis J. Morales-Mendoza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147280213","display_name":"Universidad Veracruzana","ror":"https://ror.org/03efxn362","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis J. Morales-Mendoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda en Electr\u00f3nica y Comunicaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Poza Rica Veracruz C.P. 93390, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda en Electr\u00f3nica y Comunicaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Poza Rica Veracruz C.P. 93390, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077444714","display_name":"Mariko Nakano-Miyatake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1346-7825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariko Nakano-Miyatake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Del. Coyacan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04440, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1346-7825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Del. Coyacan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04440, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068877119","display_name":"Hector Perez\u2010Meana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-2050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hector Perez-Meana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Del. Coyacan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04440, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-2050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Del. Coyacan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04440, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083652316","display_name":"J.R. Laguna-Camacho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-5204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147280213","display_name":"Universidad Veracruzana","ror":"https://ror.org/03efxn362","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan R. Laguna-Camacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda en Mec\u00e1nica Electrica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Poza Rica Veracruz C.P. 93390, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda en Mec\u00e1nica Electrica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Poza Rica Veracruz C.P. 93390, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003069350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147280213"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.5819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67130937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"255","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8776489496231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6995192766189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.6549156308174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6321777105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5233213901519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4950472414493561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.48421430587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.47180286049842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.43721142411231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.41521790623664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.3845234215259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32273542881011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3113313913345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.26810523867607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.13825750350952148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8776489496231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6995192766189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.6549156308174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6321777105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5233213901519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4950472414493561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48421430587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.47180286049842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.43721142411231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41521790623664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.3845234215259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32273542881011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3113313913345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.26810523867607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.13825750350952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23020255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/255/pdf?version=1648706823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33672152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33672152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb2b2200736b48cd884f958937e0c805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb2b2200736b48cd884f958937e0c805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 2, p 255 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/2/255/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 2; Pages: 255","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7927010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7927010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23020255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/255/pdf?version=1648706823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5299999713897705},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131280478.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968042739","https://openalex.org/W1978734456","https://openalex.org/W2001927111","https://openalex.org/W2019887363","https://openalex.org/W2025301848","https://openalex.org/W2036817185","https://openalex.org/W2040469380","https://openalex.org/W2042164651","https://openalex.org/W2045139701","https://openalex.org/W2054529505","https://openalex.org/W2079532927","https://openalex.org/W2093695303","https://openalex.org/W2093943441","https://openalex.org/W2100819955","https://openalex.org/W2100912680","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2124665455","https://openalex.org/W2133958774","https://openalex.org/W2136143622","https://openalex.org/W2150903299","https://openalex.org/W2166672111","https://openalex.org/W2590793562","https://openalex.org/W2809847972","https://openalex.org/W2901229025","https://openalex.org/W2992331326","https://openalex.org/W4206290559","https://openalex.org/W4232330282","https://openalex.org/W6682591656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361629745","https://openalex.org/W2107922825","https://openalex.org/W3094285444","https://openalex.org/W1568204688","https://openalex.org/W2381262728","https://openalex.org/W2111592878","https://openalex.org/W1846726187","https://openalex.org/W1970319972","https://openalex.org/W2953254336","https://openalex.org/W2112030392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,115],"this":[1,20],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,22,45],"explore":[4],"the":[5,30,52,59,66,83,96,108,117,122],"advantages":[6],"of":[7,37,51,54,85,105,125],"a":[8,24,48,86,100,134],"fractional":[9,41,87,126],"calculus":[10,42],"based":[11,89],"watermarking":[12,26,111,137],"system":[13],"for":[14,128],"detecting":[15,129],"Gaussian":[16,77,130,141],"watermarks.":[17,78],"To":[18],"reach":[19],"goal,":[21],"selected":[23,109],"typical":[25,110],"scheme":[27,90,112],"and":[28,65,99],"replaced":[29],"detection":[31],"equation":[32,88],"set":[33,36],"by":[34,57],"another":[35],"equations":[38],"derived":[39],"from":[40],"principles;":[43],"then,":[44],"carried":[46],"out":[47],"statistical":[49],"assessment":[50],"performance":[53],"both":[55],"schemes":[56,127],"analyzing":[58],"Receiver":[60],"Operating":[61],"Characteristic":[62],"(ROC)":[63],"curve":[64],"False":[67,101],"Positive":[68],"Percentage":[69,103],"(FPP)":[70],"when":[71],"they":[72],"are":[73,132],"used":[74],"to":[75,140],"detect":[76],"The":[79],"results":[80,119],"show":[81],"that":[82,121],"ROC":[84],"has":[91,113],"48.3%":[92],"more":[93],"Area":[94],"Under":[95],"Curve":[97],"(AUC)":[98],"Positives":[102],"median":[104],"0.2%":[106],"whilst":[107],"3%.":[114],"addition,":[116],"experimental":[118],"suggest":[120],"target":[123],"applications":[124],"watermarks":[131],"as":[133],"semi-fragile":[135],"image":[136],"systems":[138],"robust":[139],"noise.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
