{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088893715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22101080","title":"Bayesian Edge Detector Using Deformable Directivity-Aware Sampling Window","display_name":"Bayesian Edge Detector Using Deformable Directivity-Aware Sampling Window","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088893715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22101080","mag":"3088893715","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22101080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22101080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/10/1080/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/10/1080/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090990586","display_name":"Renjie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2642-8788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Jie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087247015","display_name":"Jung-Hua Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Hua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan","Deputy, AI Research Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deputy, AI Research Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000411614","display_name":"Chun\u2010Shun Tseng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148968","display_name":"Metal Industries Research & Development Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0584sxj05","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148968"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Shun Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ship and Ocean Industries R&amp;D Center (SOIC), New Taipei City 25170, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ship and Ocean Industries R&amp;D Center (SOIC), New Taipei City 25170, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019089656","display_name":"Zhe-Wei Tu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153512688","display_name":"National Taiwan Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvvnt49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe-Wei Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034643987","display_name":"Kai-Chun Chiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82850477","display_name":"Taipei National University of the Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/01kdeza40","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82850477"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Chun Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fine Arts, Taipei National University of the Arts, Taipei City 11201, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fine Arts, Taipei National University of the Arts, Taipei City 11201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82850477"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087247015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153512688"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40948376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"1080","last_page":"1080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestalt-psychology","display_name":"Gestalt psychology","score":0.7722090482711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6672489047050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6335238218307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.629266619682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.521819531917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4818243086338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4420408606529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.43903017044067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4375951290130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.42275458574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3335892856121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3319886326789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18936759233474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09125837683677673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27362006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272021","display_name":"Gestalt psychology","level":3,"score":0.7722090482711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6672489047050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6335238218307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.629266619682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.521819531917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4818243086338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4420408606529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.43903017044067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4375951290130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.42275458574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3335892856121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3319886326789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18936759233474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09125837683677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22101080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22101080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/10/1080/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33286849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f8e6c32a09d34413a87768e7090a620f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f8e6c32a09d34413a87768e7090a620f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 10, p 1080 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/10/1080/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 22; Issue 10; Pages: 1080","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7597161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7597161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22101080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22101080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/10/1080/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088893715.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088893715.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533452257","https://openalex.org/W2000681692","https://openalex.org/W2047387559","https://openalex.org/W2054607943","https://openalex.org/W2079216712","https://openalex.org/W2080145983","https://openalex.org/W2107525898","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2142440858","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2149095485","https://openalex.org/W2159589665","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2801404425","https://openalex.org/W2964865367","https://openalex.org/W2995135224","https://openalex.org/W3012483050","https://openalex.org/W4248191435","https://openalex.org/W6676449312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593175091","https://openalex.org/W3039810647","https://openalex.org/W4327521413","https://openalex.org/W823300309","https://openalex.org/W2385281989","https://openalex.org/W2752358874","https://openalex.org/W2082622678","https://openalex.org/W2501344691","https://openalex.org/W1994424433","https://openalex.org/W2018537201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"image":[1],"entropy":[2],"merely":[3],"involves":[4],"the":[5,49,124,136,142,147,156,161,166,169,183,188,202,208],"overall":[6],"pixel":[7,23],"intensity":[8,14,24],"statistics":[9],"which":[10,88],"cannot":[11],"respond":[12],"to":[13,28,120,181,200],"patterns":[15],"over":[16],"spatial":[17,20],"domain.":[18],"However,":[19],"distribution":[21],"of":[22,45,52,75,126,129,168,204],"is":[25,37,89,107,134,172],"definitely":[26],"crucial":[27],"any":[29],"biological":[30],"or":[31,115,122],"computer":[32],"vision":[33],"system,":[34],"and":[35,149,185,194],"that":[36,117],"why":[38],"gestalt":[39,55,93,153,209],"grouping":[40],"rules":[41],"involve":[42],"using":[43],"features":[44],"both":[46,63],"aspects.":[47],"Recently,":[48],"increasing":[50],"integration":[51],"knowledge":[53],"from":[54],"research":[56,69],"into":[57],"visualization-related":[58],"techniques":[59],"has":[60],"fundamentally":[61],"altered":[62],"fields,":[64],"offering":[65],"not":[66],"only":[67],"new":[68,73],"questions,":[70],"but":[71],"also":[72],"ways":[74],"solving":[76],"existing":[77],"issues.":[78],"This":[79],"paper":[80],"presents":[81],"a":[82,111,176],"Bayesian":[83],"edge":[84,196],"detector":[85],"called":[86],"<i>GestEdge</i>,":[87],"effective":[90],"in":[91,144,152,206],"detecting":[92],"edges,":[94],"especially":[95],"useful":[96],"for":[97],"forming":[98],"object":[99],"boundaries":[100],"as":[101],"perceived":[102],"by":[103,109],"human":[104],"eyes.":[105],"<i>GestEdge</i>":[106,193,205],"characterized":[108],"employing":[110],"directivity-aware":[112],"sampling":[113,130,170],"window":[114,137,171,178],"mask":[116],"iteratively":[118],"deforms":[119],"<i>probe</i>":[121],"<i>explore</i>":[123],"existence":[125],"principal":[127],"direction":[128],"pixels;":[131],"when":[132],"convergence":[133],"reached,":[135],"covers":[138],"pixels":[139],"best":[140],"representing":[141],"directivity":[143],"compliance":[145],"with":[146],"similarity":[148,184],"proximity":[150,186],"laws":[151],"theory.":[154],"During":[155],"iterative":[157],"process":[158],"based":[159],"on":[160],"unsupervised":[162],"Expectation-Minimization":[163],"(EM)":[164],"algorithm,":[165],"shape":[167],"optimally":[173],"adjusted.":[174],"Such":[175],"deformable":[177],"allows":[179],"us":[180],"exploit":[182],"among":[187],"sampled":[189],"pixels.":[190],"Comparisons":[191],"between":[192],"other":[195],"detectors":[197],"are":[198],"shown":[199],"justify":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"extracting":[207],"edges.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
