{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085600233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22091025","title":"Life\u2019s Energy and Information: Contrasting Evolution of Volume- versus Surface-Specific Rates of Energy Consumption","display_name":"Life\u2019s Energy and Information: Contrasting Evolution of Volume- versus Surface-Specific Rates of Energy Consumption","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085600233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22091025","mag":"3085600233","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22091025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22091025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/9/1025/pdf?version=1600179082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/9/1025/pdf?version=1600179082","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033119643","display_name":"Anastassia M. Makarieva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-5851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130434","display_name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037styt87","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210096333","https://openalex.org/I4210130434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anastassia M. Makarieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical Physics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia","USDA-China MOST Joint Research Center for AgroEcology and Sustainability, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Physics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-China MOST Joint Research Center for AgroEcology and Sustainability, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035728697","display_name":"A. V. Nefiodov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-4790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130434","display_name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037styt87","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210096333","https://openalex.org/I4210130434"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrei V. Nefiodov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical Physics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Physics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072261150","display_name":"Bai-Lian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-4956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bai-Lian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA-China MOST Joint Research Center for AgroEcology and Sustainability, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-China MOST Joint Research Center for AgroEcology and Sustainability, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033119643","https://openalex.org/A5035728697","https://openalex.org/A5072261150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307","https://openalex.org/I4210130434"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82095939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"9","first_page":"1025","last_page":"1025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13811","display_name":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12643","display_name":"Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-systems","display_name":"Living systems","score":0.6127361059188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5069887638092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.5060471892356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4658421277999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.45120254158973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.4468640685081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overconsumption","display_name":"Overconsumption","score":0.41651687026023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.4127257168292999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22856926918029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.22072771191596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2096708118915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18837660551071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.14623993635177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.1280815303325653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776184637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506039","display_name":"Living systems","level":2,"score":0.6127361059188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5069887638092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.5060471892356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4658421277999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45120254158973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4468640685081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20533482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174091","display_name":"Overconsumption","level":3,"score":0.41651687026023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4127257168292999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22856926918029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22072771191596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2096708118915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18837660551071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14623993635177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.1280815303325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22091025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22091025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/9/1025/pdf?version=1600179082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33286794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e504cbf788734d97a0395392133add5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e504cbf788734d97a0395392133add5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 9, p 1025 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/9/1025/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 22; Issue 9; Pages: 1025","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7597118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7597118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22091025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22091025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/9/1025/pdf?version=1600179082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085600233.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085600233.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21596415","https://openalex.org/W100387545","https://openalex.org/W573392690","https://openalex.org/W1627143449","https://openalex.org/W1652437284","https://openalex.org/W1823461212","https://openalex.org/W1921273272","https://openalex.org/W1974012509","https://openalex.org/W1990916644","https://openalex.org/W1994942645","https://openalex.org/W2001965680","https://openalex.org/W2005445441","https://openalex.org/W2007311980","https://openalex.org/W2008310246","https://openalex.org/W2013681068","https://openalex.org/W2022017539","https://openalex.org/W2024467615","https://openalex.org/W2024687949","https://openalex.org/W2032329667","https://openalex.org/W2036549501","https://openalex.org/W2042270112","https://openalex.org/W2046469028","https://openalex.org/W2047880376","https://openalex.org/W2048796458","https://openalex.org/W2049450494","https://openalex.org/W2068967633","https://openalex.org/W2083893789","https://openalex.org/W2086436209","https://openalex.org/W2092685492","https://openalex.org/W2100491087","https://openalex.org/W2106153232","https://openalex.org/W2109218147","https://openalex.org/W2110465386","https://openalex.org/W2118295263","https://openalex.org/W2120264830","https://openalex.org/W2125058848","https://openalex.org/W2129699706","https://openalex.org/W2132484323","https://openalex.org/W2135430783","https://openalex.org/W2139332352","https://openalex.org/W2146560765","https://openalex.org/W2156702212","https://openalex.org/W2167705142","https://openalex.org/W2177218873","https://openalex.org/W2187605012","https://openalex.org/W2267142438","https://openalex.org/W2282448634","https://openalex.org/W2294175192","https://openalex.org/W2403193464","https://openalex.org/W2479412347","https://openalex.org/W2501695599","https://openalex.org/W2554099855","https://openalex.org/W2562151351","https://openalex.org/W2608688311","https://openalex.org/W2626835270","https://openalex.org/W2737442384","https://openalex.org/W2740254921","https://openalex.org/W2754728072","https://openalex.org/W2755729373","https://openalex.org/W2788004014","https://openalex.org/W2792971851","https://openalex.org/W2804910112","https://openalex.org/W2888940799","https://openalex.org/W2937237295","https://openalex.org/W2953079578","https://openalex.org/W2953845886","https://openalex.org/W2967157417","https://openalex.org/W2979688413","https://openalex.org/W3000740727","https://openalex.org/W3005312938","https://openalex.org/W3006367942","https://openalex.org/W3016163075","https://openalex.org/W3022024007","https://openalex.org/W3022158002","https://openalex.org/W3032915113","https://openalex.org/W3037555694","https://openalex.org/W3081598444","https://openalex.org/W3082178154","https://openalex.org/W3082671192","https://openalex.org/W3087107130","https://openalex.org/W3089421089","https://openalex.org/W3090538992","https://openalex.org/W3099639927","https://openalex.org/W3101534789","https://openalex.org/W3104395930","https://openalex.org/W3145486940","https://openalex.org/W4206974462","https://openalex.org/W4213074050","https://openalex.org/W4233798822","https://openalex.org/W4254281489","https://openalex.org/W4393291900","https://openalex.org/W6636959194","https://openalex.org/W6638479532","https://openalex.org/W6785456435","https://openalex.org/W6885156778","https://openalex.org/W6960195253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036990038","https://openalex.org/W2150333995","https://openalex.org/W4214892024","https://openalex.org/W272600989","https://openalex.org/W3126096793","https://openalex.org/W3191424908","https://openalex.org/W3145710810","https://openalex.org/W1973227074","https://openalex.org/W3046513822","https://openalex.org/W2551305655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"humanity":[1],"struggles":[2],"to":[3,7,134],"find":[4],"a":[5,44,74,78,141,181,189,196],"path":[6],"resilience":[8],"amidst":[9],"global":[10],"change":[11],"vagaries,":[12],"understanding":[13],"organizing":[14],"principles":[15],"of":[16,40,58,62,83,121,184,191],"living":[17,41],"systems":[18,42],"as":[19,140,195],"the":[20,56,59,63,81,118,173],"pillar":[21],"for":[22,34,143],"human":[23],"existence":[24],"is":[25,85,104,124,166],"rapidly":[26],"growing":[27,154],"in":[28,87,158,176],"importance.":[29],"However,":[30],"finding":[31],"quantitative":[32],"definitions":[33],"order,":[35],"complexity,":[36],"information":[37,95,185],"and":[38,49,89],"functionality":[39],"remains":[43],"challenge.":[45],"Here,":[46],"we":[47],"review":[48],"develop":[50],"insights":[51],"into":[52],"this":[53],"problem":[54],"from":[55],"concept":[57],"biotic":[60],"regulation":[61],"environment":[64,103],"developed":[65],"by":[66,106,129,163],"Victor":[67],"Gorshkov":[68],"(1935-2019).":[69],"Life's":[70,114],"extraordinary":[71],"persistence-despite":[72],"being":[73],"strongly":[75],"non-equilibrium":[76,102],"process-requires":[77],"quantum-classical":[79],"duality:":[80],"program":[82],"life":[84,131],"written":[86],"molecules":[88],"thus":[90],"can":[91],"be":[92],"copied":[93],"without":[94],"loss,":[96],"while":[97],"life's":[98,192],"interaction":[99],"with":[100,153,168],"its":[101],"performed":[105],"macroscopic":[107],"classical":[108],"objects":[109],"(living":[110],"individuals)":[111],"that":[112,172],"age.":[113],"key":[115],"energetic":[116],"parameter,":[117],"volume-specific":[119],"rate":[120],"energy":[122,150],"consumption,":[123],"maintained":[125],"within":[126],"universal":[127],"limits":[128],"most":[130],"forms.":[132],"Contrary":[133],"previous":[135],"suggestions,":[136],"it":[137],"cannot":[138],"serve":[139],"proxy":[142],"\"evolutionary":[144],"progress\".":[145],"In":[146],"contrast,":[147],"ecosystem-level":[148],"surface-specific":[149],"consumption":[151,162],"declines":[152],"animal":[155],"body":[156,177],"size":[157,178],"stable":[159],"ecosystems.":[160],"High":[161],"big":[164],"animals":[165],"associated":[167],"instability.":[169],"We":[170],"suggest":[171],"evolutionary":[174],"increase":[175],"may":[179],"represent":[180],"spontaneous":[182],"loss":[183],"about":[186],"environmental":[187],"regulation,":[188],"manifestation":[190],"algorithm":[193],"ageing":[194],"whole.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}