{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043480207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070792","title":"MADFU: An Improved Malicious Application Detection Method Based on Features Uncertainty","display_name":"MADFU: An Improved Malicious Application Detection Method Based on Features Uncertainty","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043480207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070792","mag":"3043480207","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22070792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070792","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/792/pdf?version=1595392309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/792/pdf?version=1595392309","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071476334","display_name":"Hongli Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-4191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156464","display_name":"Anhui Xinhua University","ror":"https://ror.org/053d7x641","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156464"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongli Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of information engineering, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-4191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of information engineering, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156464"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055630362","display_name":"Yongchuan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongchuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-9628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055630362","https://openalex.org/A5071476334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4210156464"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.4454,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60075431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"792","last_page":"792"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7906548976898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.74514240026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.7289265990257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.7076612114906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain-monte-carlo","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","score":0.5637940764427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.538673460483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4709267020225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.45117348432540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3516625761985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3436260223388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24051004648208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12401539087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.09678405523300171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7906548976898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.74514240026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.7289265990257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.7076612114906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","level":3,"score":0.5637940764427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.538673460483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4709267020225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.45117348432540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3516625761985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3436260223388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24051004648208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12401539087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.09678405523300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22070792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070792","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/792/pdf?version=1595392309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33286563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bbf88820145d405b924b62c7a02d7ee8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bbf88820145d405b924b62c7a02d7ee8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 7, p 792 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/7/792/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 22; Issue 7; Pages: 792","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7517363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7517363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22070792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070792","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/792/pdf?version=1595392309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043480207.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043480207.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621546036","https://openalex.org/W1909649765","https://openalex.org/W1978770199","https://openalex.org/W2002478203","https://openalex.org/W2087970742","https://openalex.org/W2119954997","https://openalex.org/W2124717147","https://openalex.org/W2143076990","https://openalex.org/W2156744053","https://openalex.org/W2252381548","https://openalex.org/W2288383743","https://openalex.org/W2308726246","https://openalex.org/W2324464293","https://openalex.org/W2342412940","https://openalex.org/W2343325785","https://openalex.org/W2501301043","https://openalex.org/W2586676573","https://openalex.org/W2742905497","https://openalex.org/W2791541601","https://openalex.org/W2792310543","https://openalex.org/W2800912855","https://openalex.org/W2802756541","https://openalex.org/W2807026630","https://openalex.org/W2811511039","https://openalex.org/W2885518899","https://openalex.org/W2900275727","https://openalex.org/W2903488155","https://openalex.org/W2906980647","https://openalex.org/W2908980190","https://openalex.org/W2910742847","https://openalex.org/W2922529863","https://openalex.org/W2945015800","https://openalex.org/W2963064464","https://openalex.org/W2986558836","https://openalex.org/W3102676823","https://openalex.org/W3106148750","https://openalex.org/W4300607852","https://openalex.org/W6744677020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782775281","https://openalex.org/W2560361988","https://openalex.org/W2507113366","https://openalex.org/W2056388267","https://openalex.org/W3200508744","https://openalex.org/W3025122950","https://openalex.org/W2895504842","https://openalex.org/W2035294644","https://openalex.org/W2059043756","https://openalex.org/W2311926078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millions":[0],"of":[1,12,38,59,117,139],"Android":[2,26,60,130],"applications":[3],"(apps)":[4],"are":[5,20],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"today.":[8],"Meanwhile,":[9],"the":[10,36,39,56,84,94,122,137,150,165],"number":[11],"malicious":[13,66],"apps":[14],"has":[15],"increased":[16],"exponentially.":[17],"Currently,":[18],"there":[19],"many":[21],"security":[22,57],"detection":[23,31,42,58,68,132,156],"technologies":[24],"for":[25,110,152],"apps,":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29],"static":[30],"and":[32,87,121,171],"dynamic":[33],"detection.":[34],"However,":[35],"uncertainty":[37,73],"features":[40,72],"in":[41,47,55],"is":[43,75,127,134,158,168],"not":[44],"considered":[45],"sufficiently":[46],"these":[48],"technologies.":[49],"Permissions":[50],"play":[51],"an":[52,115,153],"important":[53],"role":[54],"apps.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"a":[65],"application":[67],"model":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71],"(MADFU)":[74],"proposed.":[76],"MADFU":[77,113],"uses":[78,93],"logistic":[79],"regression":[80],"function":[81],"to":[82,101,119,161],"describe":[83],"input":[85],"(permissions)":[86],"output":[88],"(labels)":[89],"relationship.":[90],"Moreover,":[91],"it":[92],"Markov":[95],"chain":[96],"Monte":[97],"Carlo":[98],"(MCMC)":[99],"algorithm":[100],"solve":[102],"features'":[103],"uncertainty.":[104],"After":[105],"experimenting":[106],"with":[107],"2037":[108],"samples,":[109],"malware":[111],"detection,":[112],"achieves":[114],"accuracy":[116,133,138,157],"up":[118],"95.5%,":[120],"false":[123],"positive":[124],"rate":[125],"(FPR)":[126],"1.2%.":[128],"MADFU's":[129],"app":[131],"higher":[135],"than":[136],"directly":[140],"using":[141],"24":[142],"dangerous":[143],"permission.":[144],"The":[145],"results":[146],"also":[147],"indicate":[148],"that":[149],"method":[151,167],"unknown/new":[154],"sample's":[155],"92.7%.":[159],"Compared":[160],"other":[162],"state-of-the-art":[163],"approaches,":[164],"proposed":[166],"more":[169],"effective":[170],"efficient,":[172],"by":[173],"detecting":[174],"malware.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
