{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023327245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070755","title":"Otto Engine: Classical and Quantum Approach","display_name":"Otto Engine: Classical and Quantum Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023327245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070755","mag":"3023327245","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22070755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070755","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/755/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/755/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072100287","display_name":"Francisco J. Pe\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Pe\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029693857","display_name":"Oscar Negrete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088956","display_name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance","ror":"https://ror.org/013kx8n09","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802531901","https://openalex.org/I4210088956"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Negrete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Santiago 8320000, Chile","Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-8602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Santiago 8320000, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066881183","display_name":"Natalia Cort\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-2394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Cort\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-2394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054859064","display_name":"P. Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-9747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088956","display_name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance","ror":"https://ror.org/013kx8n09","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802531901","https://openalex.org/I4210088956"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricio Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Santiago 8320000, Chile","Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-9747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Santiago 8320000, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Casilla 110-V, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072100287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.335,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79780155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"755","last_page":"755"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiabatic-process","display_name":"Adiabatic process","score":0.6470521688461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.636255145072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.5491686463356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5466315746307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.48102933168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.4637269377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.44651710987091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.42141905426979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.26487261056900024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.6470521688461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.636255145072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.5491686463356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5466315746307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.48102933168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4637269377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.44651710987091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42141905426979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.26487261056900024}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22070755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070755","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/755/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33286527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.13205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.13205","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.13205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0805a156c8fc46adbb225c6fbdfaf0d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0805a156c8fc46adbb225c6fbdfaf0d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 7, p 755 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/7/755/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7517304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7517304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22070755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22070755","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/7/755/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023327245.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023327245.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1748862534","https://openalex.org/W1966141242","https://openalex.org/W1970354341","https://openalex.org/W1970845041","https://openalex.org/W1985601705","https://openalex.org/W2024162830","https://openalex.org/W2160257227","https://openalex.org/W2256655656","https://openalex.org/W2266764407","https://openalex.org/W2329085555","https://openalex.org/W2511859951","https://openalex.org/W2566649664","https://openalex.org/W2619652679","https://openalex.org/W2736809286","https://openalex.org/W2739977619","https://openalex.org/W2748642820","https://openalex.org/W2811173390","https://openalex.org/W2894156923","https://openalex.org/W2896982874","https://openalex.org/W2910546575","https://openalex.org/W2937049145","https://openalex.org/W2954376324","https://openalex.org/W2974042333","https://openalex.org/W2979327790","https://openalex.org/W2991622227","https://openalex.org/W3013883970","https://openalex.org/W3049648170","https://openalex.org/W3100282791","https://openalex.org/W3100997631","https://openalex.org/W3101494180","https://openalex.org/W3102443631","https://openalex.org/W3103549970","https://openalex.org/W3103681710","https://openalex.org/W3104103939","https://openalex.org/W3104173517","https://openalex.org/W3105864135","https://openalex.org/W3125627535","https://openalex.org/W4229548728","https://openalex.org/W4252971871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668379956","https://openalex.org/W1966566486","https://openalex.org/W2002119221","https://openalex.org/W1676900334","https://openalex.org/W4210364552","https://openalex.org/W2181221757","https://openalex.org/W2296687524","https://openalex.org/W2787894091","https://openalex.org/W2020819958","https://openalex.org/W2180033908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53],"this":[1,57,88],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,27,119,148,158],"analyze":[4],"the":[5,10,13,30,35,50,54,61,64,76,79,83,91,99,105,115,132,137,141,163,178,202,208],"total":[6],"work":[7,31,100,188],"extracted":[8,81,210],"and":[9,20,32,101,108,118,140,171,197],"efficiency":[11,33,102],"of":[12,34,49,75,93,114,134,136,152,169],"magnetic":[14,143,172,198,214],"Otto":[15,213],"cycle":[16],"in":[17,69,82,103,156,162,201],"its":[18,45],"classic":[19],"quantum":[21,46,107],"versions.":[22],"As":[23],"a":[24,94,124,128,153,167,184,190],"general":[25],"result,":[26],"found":[28],"that":[29,63,98,205],"classical":[36,55,109],"engine":[37],"is":[38,58,67,145,177],"always":[39,68],"greater":[40],"than":[41],"or":[42],"equal":[43],"to":[44,60,90,174,193],"counterpart,":[47],"independent":[48],"working":[51,65,116,138],"substance.":[52],"case,":[56],"due":[59],"fact":[62],"substance":[66,139],"thermodynamic":[70,185],"equilibrium":[71],"at":[72],"each":[73],"point":[74],"cycle,":[77],"maximizing":[78],"energy":[80],"adiabatic":[84],"paths.":[85],"We":[86],"apply":[87],"analysis":[89],"case":[92],"two-level":[95],"system,":[96],"finding":[97],"both":[104],"Otto's":[106],"cycles":[110],"are":[111],"identical,":[112],"regardless":[113],"substance,":[117],"obtain":[120],"similar":[121],"results":[122],"for":[123,195],"multilevel":[125],"system":[126,155],"where":[127],"linear":[129],"relationship":[130],"between":[131],"spectrum":[133],"energies":[135],"external":[142],"field":[144,173,199],"fulfilled.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"show":[149],"an":[150,212],"example":[151],"three-level":[154],"which":[157,176],"compare":[159],"two":[160],"zones":[161,200],"entropy":[164,203],"diagram":[165,204],"as":[166],"function":[168],"temperature":[170,196],"find":[175],"most":[179],"efficient":[180],"region":[181],"when":[182],"performing":[183],"cycle.":[186],"This":[187],"provides":[189],"practical":[191],"way":[192],"look":[194],"can":[206],"maximize":[207],"power":[209],"from":[211],"engine.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
