{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017026389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22040445","title":"Cascaded Thermodynamic and Environmental Analyses of Energy Generation Modalities of a High-Performance Building Based on Real-Time Measurements","display_name":"Cascaded Thermodynamic and Environmental Analyses of Energy Generation Modalities of a High-Performance Building Based on Real-Time Measurements","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017026389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22040445","mag":"3017026389","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22040445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22040445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/4/445/pdf?version=1587379072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/4/445/pdf?version=1587379072","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007160168","display_name":"Raaid Rashad Jassem Al Doury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-0890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44925452","display_name":"\u00d6zye\u011fin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jjhfr75","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72539421","display_name":"University of Tikrit","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}],"countries":["IQ","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raaid Rashad Jassem Al Doury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; <email>raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq</email>","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tikrit University, Salah Al-Deen 34011, Iraq","Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-0890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; <email>raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq</email>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tikrit University, Salah Al-Deen 34011, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067998000","display_name":"Saadet Ozkan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44925452","display_name":"\u00d6zye\u011fin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jjhfr75","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saadet Ozkan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Distribution Center, Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; <email>saadet.ozkan@ozyegin.edu.tr</email>","Energy Distribution Center, Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; saadet.ozkan@ozyegin.edu.tr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Distribution Center, Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; <email>saadet.ozkan@ozyegin.edu.tr</email>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Distribution Center, Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; saadet.ozkan@ozyegin.edu.tr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051263246","display_name":"M. P\u0131nar Meng\u00fc\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5483-587X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44925452","display_name":"\u00d6zye\u011fin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jjhfr75","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Pinar Meng\u00fc\u00e7","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; <email>raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq</email>","Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5483-587X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; <email>raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq</email>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/E\u00c7EM), Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey; raaidaldoury@tu.edu.iq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051263246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.5216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65564799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"445","last_page":"445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.8128072619438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.6071212291717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5261825323104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5137673616409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.500737190246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof","display_name":"Roof","score":0.47188201546669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","score":0.4660049378871918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.458553284406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.44003236293792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-performance","display_name":"Energy performance","score":0.4266563355922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.4197954535484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.2162359356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2011091709136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.19359749555587769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.8128072619438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.6071212291717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5261825323104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5137673616409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.500737190246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.47188201546669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4660049378871918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.458553284406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.44003236293792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982928256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865456","display_name":"Energy performance","level":3,"score":0.4266563355922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4197954535484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.2162359356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2011091709136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19359749555587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22040445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22040445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/4/445/pdf?version=1587379072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33286219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42d2ed55ae3246cfa2bfefd212f5f718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42d2ed55ae3246cfa2bfefd212f5f718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 4, p 445 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eresearch.ozyegin.edu.tr:10679/7199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/4/445","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/4/445/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7516923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7516923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22040445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22040445","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/4/445/pdf?version=1587379072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3017026389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3017026389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80698769","https://openalex.org/W1973720263","https://openalex.org/W1987910023","https://openalex.org/W2003004516","https://openalex.org/W2038633088","https://openalex.org/W2042161234","https://openalex.org/W2053331638","https://openalex.org/W2056627336","https://openalex.org/W2057559894","https://openalex.org/W2061111089","https://openalex.org/W2065356068","https://openalex.org/W2071428820","https://openalex.org/W2072409720","https://openalex.org/W2080180784","https://openalex.org/W2085144611","https://openalex.org/W2085683151","https://openalex.org/W2086872340","https://openalex.org/W2096137812","https://openalex.org/W2167676933","https://openalex.org/W2185259777","https://openalex.org/W2187459858","https://openalex.org/W2261937956","https://openalex.org/W2341292301","https://openalex.org/W2396826976","https://openalex.org/W2562008951","https://openalex.org/W2582168250","https://openalex.org/W2611943383","https://openalex.org/W2794667343","https://openalex.org/W2798219474","https://openalex.org/W2890420127","https://openalex.org/W2898456522","https://openalex.org/W2902735149","https://openalex.org/W2904447626","https://openalex.org/W2984587519","https://openalex.org/W3150851619","https://openalex.org/W3174771366","https://openalex.org/W4295160498","https://openalex.org/W6793117758","https://openalex.org/W6797616255","https://openalex.org/W6888942804","https://openalex.org/W6990942989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350865580","https://openalex.org/W2727137681","https://openalex.org/W4282916743","https://openalex.org/W3136650063","https://openalex.org/W2042599314","https://openalex.org/W4295804319","https://openalex.org/W4238646663","https://openalex.org/W4387574708","https://openalex.org/W4288853792","https://openalex.org/W1989840902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,35],"presents":[2],"cascaded":[3],"thermodynamic":[4],"and":[5,18,46,67,120,183,189],"environmental":[6,47],"analyses":[7,48],"of":[8,55,89,106,123,132,148,164,214],"a":[9,52,90,124,165,169],"high-performance":[10],"academic":[11],"building.":[12,157],"Five":[13],"different":[14,74],"energy":[15,113,129,153,178,207],"efficiency":[16,188],"measures":[17],"operation":[19],"scenarios":[20,175],"are":[21],"evaluated":[22],"based":[23],"on":[24,73],"the":[25,30,64,78,81,87,96,101,117,121,139,146,156,162,173,185,195,211],"actual":[26],"measurements":[27],"starting":[28],"from":[29],"initial":[31],"design":[32,83,198],"concept.":[33],"The":[34,104,142],"is":[36,84,114,136,145,159],"to":[37,71,99,110,194],"emphasize":[38],"that":[39,161],"by":[40,86],"performing":[41],"dynamical":[42],"energy,":[43],"exergy,":[44],"exergoeconomic,":[45],"with":[49],"increasing":[50],"complexity,":[51],"better":[53,170],"picture":[54],"building":[56,65],"performance":[57],"indicators":[58],"can":[59],"be":[60],"obtained":[61],"for":[62,94,155,176,180,184],"both":[63],"owners":[66],"users,":[68],"helping":[69],"them":[70],"decide":[72],"investment":[75],"strategies.":[76],"As":[77],"first":[79],"improvement,":[80],"original":[82,196],"modified":[85],"addition":[88],"ground-air":[91],"heat":[92,100],"exchanger":[93],"pre-conditioning":[95],"incoming":[97],"air":[98],"ground":[102],"floors.":[103],"installation":[105],"roof-top":[107],"PV":[108],"panels":[109],"use":[111,122,163],"solar":[112],"considered":[115,137],"as":[116,127,138],"third":[118],"case,":[119],"trigeneration":[125,166],"system":[126,167],"an":[128,201],"source":[130],"instead":[131],"traditional":[133],"boiler":[134],"systems":[135],"fourth":[140],"case.":[141],"last":[143],"case":[144],"integration":[147],"all":[149,205],"these":[150,206],"three":[151],"alternative":[152],"modalities":[154,209],"It":[158],"determined":[160],"provides":[168],"outcome":[171],"than":[172],"other":[174],"decreased":[177],"demand,":[179],"cost":[181],"reduction,":[182],"improved":[186],"exergy":[187],"sustainability":[190],"index":[191],"values":[192],"relative":[193],"baseline":[197],"scenario.":[199],"Yet,":[200],"integrated":[202],"approach":[203],"combining":[204],"generation":[208],"provide":[210],"best":[212],"return":[213],"investment.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
