{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011930422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030361","title":"Information Graphs Incorporating Predictive Values of Disease Forecasts","display_name":"Information Graphs Incorporating Predictive Values of Disease Forecasts","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011930422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030361","mag":"3011930422","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22030361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/361/pdf?version=1585277512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/361/pdf?version=1585277512","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101806699","display_name":"G. Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I260719752","display_name":"Scotland's Rural College","ror":"https://ror.org/044e2ja82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I260719752"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gareth Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRUC, The King\u2019s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK","SRUC, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRUC, The King\u2019s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I260719752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRUC, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I260719752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059438505","display_name":"Jennifer L. Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-6220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005187112","display_name":"N. McRoberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-9461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil McRoberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-9461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101806699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I260719752"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9249,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80401751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"361","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10733","display_name":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10733","display_name":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11771","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Resistance","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11578","display_name":"Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagrammatic-reasoning","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","score":0.8432934284210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.5770426988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.5738619565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5659142732620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4591076374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42046689987182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3899015188217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3160882294178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27154552936553955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106624574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270387","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","level":2,"score":0.8432934284210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5770426988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5738619565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5659142732620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4591076374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42046689987182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3899015188217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3160882294178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27154552936553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22030361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/361/pdf?version=1585277512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33286135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6719t6d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6719t6d0","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6719t6d0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, vol 22, iss 3","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:ark:/13030/qt6719t6d0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f75ac261614644f690fa41d179d56d92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f75ac261614644f690fa41d179d56d92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 3, p 361 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/3/361/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7516835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7516835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22030361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/361/pdf?version=1585277512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011930422.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011930422.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967484300","https://openalex.org/W1988156060","https://openalex.org/W2000633557","https://openalex.org/W2018882317","https://openalex.org/W2027323362","https://openalex.org/W2033326122","https://openalex.org/W2073241381","https://openalex.org/W2075066026","https://openalex.org/W2094871451","https://openalex.org/W2126025525","https://openalex.org/W2126436234","https://openalex.org/W2135773367","https://openalex.org/W2166343608","https://openalex.org/W2167840843","https://openalex.org/W2284322480","https://openalex.org/W2611947862","https://openalex.org/W2613099944","https://openalex.org/W4256077087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003518673","https://openalex.org/W2243494072","https://openalex.org/W3083799684","https://openalex.org/W4288417689","https://openalex.org/W1588273335","https://openalex.org/W2933723564","https://openalex.org/W1582653816","https://openalex.org/W4233209174","https://openalex.org/W3036486735","https://openalex.org/W4388991336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagrammatic":[0],"formats":[1,85],"are":[2,30],"useful":[3],"for":[4,24,44,102,107],"summarizing":[5],"the":[6,25,65,108,130,158],"processes":[7],"of":[8,12,27,50,56,64,83,110,126,140,162],"evaluation":[9,159],"and":[10,17,53,128,160],"comparison":[11,161],"forecasts":[13,46],"in":[14,124,138,154],"plant":[15],"pathology":[16],"other":[18],"disciplines":[19],"where":[20],"decisions":[21],"about":[22],"interventions":[23],"purpose":[26],"disease":[28,45,74],"management":[29],"often":[31],"based":[32,143],"on":[33,144],"a":[34,40,81,111,122,136],"proxy":[35],"risk":[36],"variable.":[37],"We":[38],"describe":[39],"new":[41,77,95,131],"diagrammatic":[42,96],"format":[43,59,78,97,132],"with":[47,86],"two":[48,54],"categories":[49,55],"actual":[51],"status":[52],"forecast.":[57],"The":[58,76,94],"displays":[60],"relative":[61,141],"entropies,":[62],"functions":[63],"predictive":[66,145],"values":[67],"that":[68,90],"characterize":[69],"expected":[70],"information":[71,88],"provided":[72],"by":[73],"forecasts.":[75,163],"arises":[79],"from":[80],"consideration":[82],"earlier":[84],"underlying":[87],"properties":[89],"were":[91],"previously":[92],"unexploited.":[93],"requires":[98],"no":[99],"additional":[100],"data":[101],"calculation":[103,109],"beyond":[104],"those":[105],"used":[106],"receiver":[112],"operating":[113],"characteristic":[114],"(ROC)":[115],"curve.":[116],"While":[117],"an":[118],"ROC":[119,152],"curve":[120],"characterizes":[121,135],"forecast":[123,137],"terms":[125,139],"sensitivity":[127],"specificity,":[129],"described":[133],"here":[134],"entropies":[142],"values.":[146],"Thus":[147],"it":[148],"is":[149],"complementary":[150],"to":[151,157],"methodology":[153],"its":[155],"application":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
