{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010522705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030276","title":"Measuring Information Coupling between the Solar Wind and the Magnetosphere\u2013Ionosphere System","display_name":"Measuring Information Coupling between the Solar Wind and the Magnetosphere\u2013Ionosphere System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010522705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030276","mag":"3010522705","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22030276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/276/pdf?version=1584708724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/276/pdf?version=1584708724","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076228162","display_name":"Mirko Stumpo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-5329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100742","display_name":"Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology","ror":"https://ror.org/0141xw169","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Stumpo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy","INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-5329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016158869","display_name":"Giuseppe Consolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100742","display_name":"Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology","ror":"https://ror.org/0141xw169","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Consolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-647X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009819905","display_name":"Tommaso Alberti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100742","display_name":"Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology","ror":"https://ror.org/0141xw169","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Alberti","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-0220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089593436","display_name":"Virgilio Quattrociocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-1087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100742","display_name":"Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology","ror":"https://ror.org/0141xw169","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virgilio Quattrociocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-1087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009819905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100742"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.741,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93042603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"276","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetosphere","display_name":"Magnetosphere","score":0.778860330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.7601380944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"Solar wind","score":0.7250937223434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.5782197713851929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.535858690738678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.4587029218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronal-mass-ejection","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","score":0.4546038508415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4059649705886841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.3977661728858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3787725567817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.22638267278671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.12937003374099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08106181025505066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130443932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6915","display_name":"Magnetosphere","level":3,"score":0.778860330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.7601380944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.7250937223434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5782197713851929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.535858690738678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.4587029218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72886185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129890","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","level":4,"score":0.4546038508415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4059649705886841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3977661728858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3787725567817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.22638267278671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12937003374099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08106181025505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22030276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/276/pdf?version=1584708724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33286053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33286053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dda7d640ec7e4249aacae9134389d7a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dda7d640ec7e4249aacae9134389d7a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 3, p 276 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/3/276/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7516727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7516727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22030276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/3/276/pdf?version=1584708724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010522705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010522705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1663178787","https://openalex.org/W1665152549","https://openalex.org/W1972825071","https://openalex.org/W1979606638","https://openalex.org/W1980290076","https://openalex.org/W1981510969","https://openalex.org/W1988775960","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2007103217","https://openalex.org/W2015285700","https://openalex.org/W2016918012","https://openalex.org/W2018170062","https://openalex.org/W2024383241","https://openalex.org/W2025815993","https://openalex.org/W2026126704","https://openalex.org/W2026479821","https://openalex.org/W2029131549","https://openalex.org/W2031189722","https://openalex.org/W2041782669","https://openalex.org/W2063721715","https://openalex.org/W2066845160","https://openalex.org/W2072829258","https://openalex.org/W2076450110","https://openalex.org/W2078441523","https://openalex.org/W2082719813","https://openalex.org/W2091177078","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2127402805","https://openalex.org/W2151296816","https://openalex.org/W2167038453","https://openalex.org/W2169384784","https://openalex.org/W2169869208","https://openalex.org/W2178225550","https://openalex.org/W2280185722","https://openalex.org/W2528214273","https://openalex.org/W2800513622","https://openalex.org/W2884343086","https://openalex.org/W2890860669","https://openalex.org/W2896217610","https://openalex.org/W2904398115","https://openalex.org/W2904635719","https://openalex.org/W2964175388","https://openalex.org/W3122507959","https://openalex.org/W4233845421","https://openalex.org/W6835518847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017472634","https://openalex.org/W1614321401","https://openalex.org/W2743785443","https://openalex.org/W3011393860","https://openalex.org/W3189163969","https://openalex.org/W2163230220","https://openalex.org/W2044949058","https://openalex.org/W2560818083","https://openalex.org/W4241290338","https://openalex.org/W3117950409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"interaction":[1],"between":[2,21,59,90,145,165],"the":[3,7,16,19,25,32,39,44,47,56,60,70,106,110,122,129,166,170,193,198,206,217,223],"solar":[4,26,48,130,146,185,202],"wind":[5,49,147,186,203],"and":[6,28,80,148,150,174],"Earth\u2019s":[8,40],"magnetosphere\u2013ionosphere":[9,33,41],"system":[10],"is":[11,143,181,205,228],"very":[12],"complex,":[13],"being":[14],"essentially":[15],"result":[17],"of":[18,46,55,72,104,109,124,139,169,216,219,225],"interplay":[20],"an":[22],"external":[23],"driver,":[24],"wind,":[27],"internal":[29],"processes":[30],"to":[31,43,64,86,119,201],"system.":[34,132],"In":[35,113],"this":[36,66,114],"framework,":[37],"modelling":[38,197],"response":[42,200],"changes":[45,204],"conditions":[50],"requires":[51],"a":[52,136,160,178],"correct":[53],"identification":[54],"causality":[57,82],"relations":[58],"different":[61],"parameters/quantities":[62],"used":[63],"monitor":[65],"coupling.":[67],"Nowadays,":[68],"in":[69,128,222],"framework":[71,224],"complex":[73,107],"dynamical":[74],"systems,":[75],"both":[76],"linear":[77],"statistical":[78,101],"tools":[79],"Granger":[81],"models":[83],"drastically":[84],"fail":[85],"detect":[87],"causal":[88,111,126],"relationships":[89],"time":[91,137],"series.":[92],"Conversely,":[93],"information":[94,127,162],"theory-based":[95],"concepts":[96],"can":[97],"provide":[98],"powerful":[99],"model-free":[100],"quantities":[102],"capable":[103],"disentangling":[105],"nature":[108],"relationships.":[112],"work,":[115],"we":[116],"discuss":[117],"how":[118],"deal":[120],"with":[121,159],"problem":[123],"measuring":[125],"wind\u2013magnetosphere\u2013ionosphere":[131],"We":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135,192],"delay":[138],"about":[140],"30\u201360":[141],"min":[142],"found":[144,182],"magnetospheric":[149],"ionospheric":[151],"overall":[152],"dynamics":[153],"as":[154],"monitored":[155],"by":[156],"geomagnetic":[157,175,199],"indices,":[158,176],"great":[161],"transfer":[163,180],"observed":[164],"z":[167,212],"component":[168,210],"interplanetary":[171,207],"magnetic":[172,208],"field":[173,209],"while":[177],"lower":[179],"when":[183],"other":[184],"parameters":[187],"are":[188],"considered.":[189],"This":[190],"suggests":[191],"best":[194],"candidate":[195],"for":[196],"B":[211],".":[213],"A":[214],"discussion":[215],"relevance":[218],"our":[220],"results":[221],"Space":[226],"Weather":[227],"also":[229],"provided.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
