{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999566761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010109","title":"Visual Analysis on Information Theory and Science of Complexity Approaches in Healthcare Research","display_name":"Visual Analysis on Information Theory and Science of Complexity Approaches in Healthcare Research","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999566761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010109","mag":"2999566761","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33285883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22010109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/1/109/pdf?version=1579169453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/1/109/pdf?version=1579169453","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406258","display_name":"Xiaoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2085-2924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I253932293","display_name":"Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0139j4p80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070864786","display_name":"Wang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-9226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101815190","display_name":"Yongzhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-0879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I253932293","display_name":"Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0139j4p80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I253932293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102771457","display_name":"Qin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7579-2004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Foreign Studies, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Foreign Studies, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060875160","display_name":"Xuejie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-7030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066647503","display_name":"Kaixiang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2731-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaixiang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020333479","display_name":"Dongxiao Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-009X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020333479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.0192,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7960228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"109","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9287999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9287999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.6678102016448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5716727375984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5509374737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-science","display_name":"Information science","score":0.46223288774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliometrics","display_name":"Bibliometrics","score":0.42782366275787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hotspot","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","score":0.4243665635585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-science","display_name":"Health science","score":0.4205717146396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3237460255622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18937596678733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.1296483874320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1003422737121582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6678102016448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5716727375984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5509374737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95831776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16387","display_name":"Information science","level":2,"score":0.46223288774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.42782366275787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146481406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105131","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4243665635585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018419874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843601","display_name":"Health science","level":2,"score":0.4205717146396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3237460255622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18937596678733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.1296483874320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1003422737121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22010109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/1/109/pdf?version=1579169453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33285883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33285883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1affe225892749a69f6fcd71db3f7f7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1affe225892749a69f6fcd71db3f7f7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 22, Iss 1, p 109 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/22/1/109/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7516411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7516411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e22010109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/1/109/pdf?version=1579169453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2507855583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4399532171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4475484651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71771077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8655057573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71771075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999566761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999566761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973552807","https://openalex.org/W2005207065","https://openalex.org/W2017680781","https://openalex.org/W2064639093","https://openalex.org/W2088464345","https://openalex.org/W2092669241","https://openalex.org/W2100116504","https://openalex.org/W2120109270","https://openalex.org/W2124986886","https://openalex.org/W2144107092","https://openalex.org/W2149342699","https://openalex.org/W2153012382","https://openalex.org/W2160441315","https://openalex.org/W2239017160","https://openalex.org/W2260281562","https://openalex.org/W2263556835","https://openalex.org/W2275696275","https://openalex.org/W2325781243","https://openalex.org/W2349419112","https://openalex.org/W2369705507","https://openalex.org/W2465639267","https://openalex.org/W2493103841","https://openalex.org/W2550329658","https://openalex.org/W2592517713","https://openalex.org/W2664147077","https://openalex.org/W2724146920","https://openalex.org/W2729516107","https://openalex.org/W2883632028","https://openalex.org/W2898283596","https://openalex.org/W2904069702","https://openalex.org/W2904558989","https://openalex.org/W2913912471","https://openalex.org/W2946434137","https://openalex.org/W2947733864","https://openalex.org/W2951547766","https://openalex.org/W2968216620","https://openalex.org/W4206489165","https://openalex.org/W6673323440","https://openalex.org/W6695147765","https://openalex.org/W6757537656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379637199","https://openalex.org/W4386031268","https://openalex.org/W4406532822","https://openalex.org/W2405057786","https://openalex.org/W2125982917","https://openalex.org/W2294191624","https://openalex.org/W2885845152","https://openalex.org/W2264078859","https://openalex.org/W2518927109","https://openalex.org/W2377182085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,42,58],"explore":[3],"the":[4,33,63,81,99],"knowledge":[5,68,113],"base,":[6],"research":[7,13,17,73,86,100],"hotspot,":[8],"development":[9,83,104],"status,":[10],"and":[11,22,52,61,72,92,97,102,110],"future":[12,103],"direction":[14],"of":[15,27,36,38,75,84,94],"healthcare":[16,85],"based":[18,88],"on":[19,89],"information":[20,90],"theory":[21,91],"complex":[23],"science,":[24],"a":[25],"total":[26],"3031":[28],"literature":[29,70],"data":[30],"samples":[31],"from":[32,40],"core":[34],"collection":[35],"Web":[37],"Science":[39],"2003":[41],"2019":[43],"were":[44,56],"selected":[45],"for":[46,115,120],"bibliometric":[47],"analysis.":[48],"HistCite,":[49],"CiteSpace,":[50],"Excel,":[51],"other":[53],"analytical":[54],"tools":[55],"used":[57],"deeply":[59],"analyze":[60],"visualize":[62],"temporal":[64],"distribution,":[65,67],"spatial":[66],"evolution,":[69],"co-citation,":[71],"hotspots":[74,101],"this":[76,108,118],"field.":[77],"This":[78],"paper":[79],"reveals":[80],"current":[82],"field":[87,119],"science":[93],"complexity,":[95],"analyzes":[96],"discusses":[98],"that":[105],"trends":[106],"in":[107,117],"field,":[109],"provides":[111],"important":[112],"support":[114],"researchers":[116],"further":[121],"relevant":[122],"research.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
