{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990129213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121166","title":"Detection of Common Causes between Air Traffic Serious and Major Incidents in Applying the Convolution Operator to Heinrich Pyramid Theory","display_name":"Detection of Common Causes between Air Traffic Serious and Major Incidents in Applying the Convolution Operator to Heinrich Pyramid Theory","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990129213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121166","mag":"2990129213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21121166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1166/pdf?version=1576665188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1166/pdf?version=1576665188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091440603","display_name":"Schon Z.Y. Liang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-9059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Schon Z. Y. Liang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aeronautic, Space & Defence Division, ALTRAN Innovation S.L., Calle Campezo 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain","Department of Sistemas Aeroespaciales, Transporte A\u00e9reo y Aeropuertos, School of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Plaza Cardenal Cisneros n3., 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-9059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aeronautic, Space & Defence Division, ALTRAN Innovation S.L., Calle Campezo 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sistemas Aeroespaciales, Transporte A\u00e9reo y Aeropuertos, School of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Plaza Cardenal Cisneros n3., 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076522946","display_name":"Rosa Mar\u00eda Arnaldo Vald\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-6819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Maria Arnaldo Vald\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sistemas Aeroespaciales, Transporte A\u00e9reo y Aeropuertos, School of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Plaza Cardenal Cisneros n3., 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-6819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sistemas Aeroespaciales, Transporte A\u00e9reo y Aeropuertos, School of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Plaza Cardenal Cisneros n3., 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015061131","display_name":"V\u00edctor Fernando G\u00f3mez Comendador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-2188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Fernando G\u00f3mez Comendador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sistemas Aeroespaciales, Transporte A\u00e9reo y Aeropuertos, School of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Plaza Cardenal Cisneros n3., 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-2188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sistemas Aeroespaciales, Transporte A\u00e9reo y Aeropuertos, School of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Plaza Cardenal Cisneros n3., 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076949754","display_name":"Francisco Javier S\u00e1ez Nieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7500-4706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Javier S\u00e1ez Nieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Aeronautics, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Aeronautics, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076522946","https://openalex.org/A5091440603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.6452,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77436359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"1166","last_page":"1166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.647705078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6048598885536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.6015969514846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophe-theory","display_name":"Catastrophe theory","score":0.574646532535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5739246606826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5187968611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.37988486886024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3473522663116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31061309576034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25737735629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18777748942375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14176273345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.12048608064651489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.647705078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6048598885536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.6015969514846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33474566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345659","display_name":"Catastrophe theory","level":2,"score":0.574646532535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5739246606826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5187968611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.37988486886024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3473522663116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31061309576034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25737735629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18777748942375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14176273345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.12048608064651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21121166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1166/pdf?version=1576665188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/12/1166/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oa.upm.es:57783","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://oa.upm.es/57783/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196323","display_name":"UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","host_organization_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, ISSN 1099-4300, 2019-11, Vol. 21, No. 12","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7514511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7514511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21121166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1166/pdf?version=1576665188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990129213.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990129213.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W657714098","https://openalex.org/W1546267836","https://openalex.org/W1978908531","https://openalex.org/W2011808326","https://openalex.org/W2095465406","https://openalex.org/W2114836920","https://openalex.org/W2128193266","https://openalex.org/W2131339039","https://openalex.org/W2621123257","https://openalex.org/W2760220542","https://openalex.org/W2903870204","https://openalex.org/W2905802426","https://openalex.org/W2934355876","https://openalex.org/W2946720049","https://openalex.org/W2947695514","https://openalex.org/W2948264761","https://openalex.org/W2951412440","https://openalex.org/W2963073258","https://openalex.org/W3121413330","https://openalex.org/W3155732513","https://openalex.org/W4210651582","https://openalex.org/W4243656478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364546904","https://openalex.org/W2366891651","https://openalex.org/W21615119","https://openalex.org/W2047002578","https://openalex.org/W2165278229","https://openalex.org/W2379776733","https://openalex.org/W2368007990","https://openalex.org/W4245416269","https://openalex.org/W2358229618","https://openalex.org/W3147338239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heinrich\u2019s":[0],"pyramid":[1],"theory":[2,24,49,73,97],"is":[3,173],"one":[4,64],"of":[5,44,71,78,95],"the":[6,53,63,69,87,93,108,140,146],"most":[7],"influential":[8],"theories":[9],"in":[10,50,82,111],"accident":[11],"and":[12,36,57,127,179],"incident":[13,76,119,183],"prevention,":[14],"especially":[15],"for":[16],"industries":[17],"with":[18,160],"high":[19],"safety":[20],"requirements.":[21],"Originally,":[22],"this":[23,48,60,72,96,103,166],"established":[25],"a":[26,99],"quantitative":[27],"correlation":[28,54],"between":[29,55,114],"major":[30],"injury":[31,34],"accidents,":[32,126],"minor":[33],"accidents":[35,56],"no-injury":[37],"accidents.":[38],"Nowadays,":[39],"researchers":[40],"from":[41,98,165],"different":[42,79,118,154,161],"fields":[43],"engineering":[45],"also":[46,121],"apply":[47],"establishing":[51],"quantitatively":[52],"incidents.":[58],"In":[59,144],"work,":[61],"on":[62],"hand,":[65,89],"we":[66,90,105],"have":[67,91,106],"detected":[68],"applicability":[70],"by":[74,138],"studying":[75],"reports":[77],"severities":[80],"occurred":[81],"air":[83],"traffic":[84],"management.":[85],"On":[86],"other":[88],"deepened":[92],"analysis":[94],"qualitative":[100],"perspective.":[101],"For":[102],"purpose,":[104],"applied":[107],"convolution":[109],"operator":[110],"identifying":[112],"correlations":[113],"contributing":[115],"causes":[116,141,178],"to":[117,125,158,175],"severities,":[120],"known":[122],"as":[123],"precursors":[124],"system":[128,134],"failures.":[129],"The":[130],"results":[131],"suggested":[132],"that":[133],"failures":[135,155],"are":[136,142],"mechanisms":[137],"which":[139,156],"manifested.":[143],"particular,":[145],"same":[147],"underlying":[148],"cause":[149],"can":[150],"be":[151],"manifested":[152],"through":[153],"contribute":[157],"incidents":[159],"severities.":[162,184],"Finally,":[163],"deriving":[164],"result,":[167],"an":[168],"artificial":[169],"neuronal":[170],"network":[171],"model":[172],"proposed":[174],"recognize":[176],"future":[177],"their":[180],"possible":[181],"associated":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}