{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991051098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121143","title":"OTEC Maximum Net Power Output Using Carnot Cycle and Application to Simplify Heat Exchanger Selection","display_name":"OTEC Maximum Net Power Output Using Carnot Cycle and Application to Simplify Heat Exchanger Selection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991051098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121143","mag":"2991051098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21121143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1143/pdf?version=1576462477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1143/pdf?version=1576462477","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045605312","display_name":"Kevin Fontaine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0438-0288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Fontaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064982266","display_name":"Takeshi Yasunaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-3042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Yasunaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1 Honjo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-3042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1 Honjo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105532471","display_name":"Yasuyuki Ikegami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuyuki Ikegami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1 Honjo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1 Honjo-Machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045605312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":2.9547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91885664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"1143","last_page":"1143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.6458084583282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.6030728816986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion","display_name":"Ocean thermal energy conversion","score":0.5494984984397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnot-cycle","display_name":"Carnot cycle","score":0.5466669797897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ntu-method","display_name":"NTU method","score":0.5032076239585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.4893140494823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.45659929513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-drop","display_name":"Pressure drop","score":0.42842909693717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.4211319088935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plate-fin-heat-exchanger","display_name":"Plate fin heat exchanger","score":0.402723103761673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plate-heat-exchanger","display_name":"Plate heat exchanger","score":0.3748309314250946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.34671950340270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1880059540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13100764155387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"Solar energy","score":0.1256827712059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08748400211334229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.6458084583282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.6030728816986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776494654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125947","display_name":"Ocean thermal energy conversion","level":3,"score":0.5494984984397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119104473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188910","display_name":"Carnot cycle","level":2,"score":0.5466669797897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204826919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905855","display_name":"NTU method","level":5,"score":0.5032076239585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.4893140494823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.45659929513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114088122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261069","display_name":"Pressure drop","level":2,"score":0.42842909693717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4211319088935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39420092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075298","display_name":"Plate fin heat exchanger","level":4,"score":0.402723103761673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32375409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261231","display_name":"Plate heat exchanger","level":3,"score":0.3748309314250946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34671950340270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1880059540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13100764155387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.1256827712059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08748400211334229}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21121143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1143/pdf?version=1576462477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7514488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7514488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/12/1143/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21121143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/12/1143/pdf?version=1576462477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991051098.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1136630460","https://openalex.org/W1946941143","https://openalex.org/W1966214385","https://openalex.org/W1974960210","https://openalex.org/W1991728830","https://openalex.org/W2022451236","https://openalex.org/W2036007654","https://openalex.org/W2040141606","https://openalex.org/W2072819919","https://openalex.org/W2073275976","https://openalex.org/W2074010014","https://openalex.org/W2087412793","https://openalex.org/W2103968256","https://openalex.org/W2106524387","https://openalex.org/W2194222330","https://openalex.org/W2412247133","https://openalex.org/W2549250908","https://openalex.org/W2626345463","https://openalex.org/W2792982063","https://openalex.org/W2796157413","https://openalex.org/W2885674866","https://openalex.org/W3114853360","https://openalex.org/W4250542689","https://openalex.org/W4366116811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182200302","https://openalex.org/W2038590574","https://openalex.org/W2185310538","https://openalex.org/W2378583013","https://openalex.org/W3126718968","https://openalex.org/W2094644857","https://openalex.org/W1603860867","https://openalex.org/W2389023407","https://openalex.org/W797632926","https://openalex.org/W4366570408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ocean":[0],"thermal":[1,8],"energy":[2,33],"conversion":[3],"(OTEC)":[4],"uses":[5],"the":[6,11,36,70,74,86,101,106,154,157,168,177,191,199,216,223],"natural":[7],"gradient":[9],"in":[10,85,167,176,190],"sea.":[12],"It":[13,58],"has":[14,27,39],"been":[15,40],"investigated":[16],"to":[17,61,94,132,143,145,229,233],"make":[18],"it":[19,26],"competitive":[20],"with":[21,69,235],"conventional":[22],"power":[23,109,149,170,201,225],"plants,":[24],"as":[25,55,196],"huge":[28],"potential":[29],"and":[30,78,120,125],"can":[31],"produce":[32],"steadily":[34],"throughout":[35],"year.":[37],"This":[38,127],"done":[41],"mostly":[42],"by":[43,231],"focusing":[44],"on":[45],"improving":[46],"cycle":[47],"performances":[48],"or":[49],"central":[50],"elements":[51],"of":[52,73,103,156,165,174,193,218,240],"OTEC,":[53],"such":[54],"heat":[56,65,75,96,113,117,134,139,160,194,219],"exchangers.":[57,135],"is":[59],"difficult":[60],"choose":[62],"a":[63,92,146,163,172,187],"suitable":[64,138,159],"exchanger":[66,140],"for":[67,98,111,203],"OTEC":[68],"separate":[71],"evaluations":[72],"transfer":[76,118],"coefficient":[77],"pressure":[79,121],"drop":[80,122,239],"that":[81,210],"are":[82],"usually":[83],"found":[84,142,228],"literature.":[87],"Accordingly,":[88],"this":[89],"paper":[90],"presents":[91],"method":[93,128],"evaluate":[95],"exchangers":[97,114,195],"OTEC.":[99],"On":[100],"basis":[102],"finite-time":[104],"thermodynamics,":[105],"maximum":[107,147],"net":[108,148,169,224],"output":[110,150,155,226],"different":[112],"using":[115],"both":[116],"performance":[119],"was":[123,129,141,180,227],"assessed":[124],"compared.":[126],"successfully":[130],"applied":[131],"three":[133],"The":[136],"most":[137],"lead":[144],"158%":[151],"higher":[152],"than":[153],"least":[158],"exchanger.":[161],"For":[162],"difference":[164,173,238],"3.7%":[166],"output,":[171],"22%":[175],"Reynolds":[178],"numbers":[179,184],"found.":[181],"Therefore,":[182],"those":[183],"also":[185],"play":[186],"significant":[188],"role":[189],"choice":[192,217],"they":[197],"affect":[198,215],"pumping":[200],"required":[202],"seawater":[204,211],"flowing.":[205],"A":[206],"sensitivity":[207],"analysis":[208],"showed":[209],"temperature":[212,237],"does":[213],"not":[214],"exchangers,":[220],"even":[221],"though":[222],"decrease":[230],"up":[232],"10%":[234],"every":[236],"1":[241],"\u00b0C.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T07:12:00.856984","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}