{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946375670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21090822","title":"Fundamental Limits in Dissipative Processes during Computation","display_name":"Fundamental Limits in Dissipative Processes during Computation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946375670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21090822","mag":"2946375670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21090822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21090822","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/9/822/pdf?version=1566542955","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/9/822/pdf?version=1566542955","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112438047","display_name":"Davide Chiucchi\u00f9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142637625","display_name":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg15b79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142637625"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Chiucchi\u00fa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142637625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052312894","display_name":"M. C. Diamantini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-6711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163778","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/05478fx36","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210163778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Cristina Diamantini","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN Perugia, via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy","NiPS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Universit\u00e1 di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN Perugia, via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NiPS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Universit\u00e1 di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037015830","display_name":"Miquel L\u00f3pez-Su\u00e1rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-277X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134458","display_name":"Institut de Ci\u00e8ncia de Materials de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/03hasqf61","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210134458"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miquel L\u00f3pez-Su\u00e1rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070322373","display_name":"I. Neri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9047-9822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Neri","raw_affiliation_strings":["NiPS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Universit\u00e1 di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NiPS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Universit\u00e1 di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019347333","display_name":"L. Gammaitoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-7062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Gammaitoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["NiPS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Universit\u00e1 di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NiPS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Universit\u00e1 di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019347333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44199256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"822","last_page":"822"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12772","display_name":"Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipative-system","display_name":"Dissipative system","score":0.7997180223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.7343910336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6198846101760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6190959811210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.567134439945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reversible-computing","display_name":"Reversible computing","score":0.4700027108192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4452100992202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.4331624507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3864719271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24734169244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1920430064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.18548181653022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.14656147360801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11651980876922607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99692599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596577","display_name":"Dissipative system","level":2,"score":0.7997180223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.7343910336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6198846101760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6190959811210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.567134439945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20274610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185410","display_name":"Reversible computing","level":4,"score":0.4700027108192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4452100992202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.4331624507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3864719271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24734169244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1920430064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.18548181653022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14656147360801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11651980876922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21090822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21090822","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/9/822/pdf?version=1566542955","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34dc829d406a4864b8982372c5c4e288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34dc829d406a4864b8982372c5c4e288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 822 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/9/822/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21090822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7515351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7515351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21090822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21090822","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/9/822/pdf?version=1566542955","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946375670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946375670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484033701","https://openalex.org/W1490237754","https://openalex.org/W1543970923","https://openalex.org/W1901807635","https://openalex.org/W1992196581","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997733118","https://openalex.org/W2009988498","https://openalex.org/W2023473149","https://openalex.org/W2068967633","https://openalex.org/W2071214852","https://openalex.org/W2090027056","https://openalex.org/W2118068403","https://openalex.org/W2600203677","https://openalex.org/W2726187282","https://openalex.org/W2788693092","https://openalex.org/W2886058066","https://openalex.org/W3102677334","https://openalex.org/W3104891766","https://openalex.org/W4233798822","https://openalex.org/W4256222561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046399014","https://openalex.org/W1976935882","https://openalex.org/W2578292779","https://openalex.org/W1033838337","https://openalex.org/W4243321639","https://openalex.org/W2078859089","https://openalex.org/W2003110037","https://openalex.org/W3021211531","https://openalex.org/W3025022927","https://openalex.org/W2565891324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increasing":[1],"amount":[2,43],"of":[3,18,44,64,86,93,108],"electric":[4],"energy":[5,57],"is":[6,20],"consumed":[7],"by":[8,40,61],"computers":[9],"as":[10,59],"they":[11],"progress":[12],"in":[13,22,56],"function":[14],"and":[15,27,30,71,97],"capabilities.":[16],"All":[17],"it":[19],"dissipated":[21],"heat":[23,45],"during":[24],"the":[25,33,41,53,62,83,87,90,94,106],"computing":[26,70],"communicating":[28],"operations":[29],"we":[31,50,79],"reached":[32],"point":[34],"that":[35],"further":[36],"developments":[37],"are":[38],"hindered":[39],"unbearable":[42],"produced.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"briefly":[51],"review":[52],"fundamental":[54],"limits":[55],"dissipation,":[58],"imposed":[60],"laws":[63],"physics,":[65],"with":[66],"specific":[67],"reference":[68],"to":[69,105],"memory":[72],"storage":[73],"activities.":[74],"Different":[75],"from":[76],"previous":[77],"approaches,":[78],"will":[80],"focus":[81],"on":[82],"sole":[84],"dynamics":[85],"binary":[88],"switches,":[89],"building":[91],"blocks":[92],"logic":[95],"gates":[96],"digital":[98],"memories,":[99],"without":[100],"invoking":[101],"any":[102],"direct":[103],"connection":[104],"notion":[107],"information.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}