{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955629379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060622","title":"Multi-Scale Feature Fusion for Coal-Rock Recognition Based on Completed Local Binary Pattern and Convolution Neural Network","display_name":"Multi-Scale Feature Fusion for Coal-Rock Recognition Based on Completed Local Binary Pattern and Convolution Neural Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955629379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060622","mag":"2955629379","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33267336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21060622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060622","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/622/pdf?version=1561459896","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/622/pdf?version=1561459896","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091173441","display_name":"Xiaoyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5215-8270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659086","display_name":"Jing Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-7056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060472832","display_name":"Mingxuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0806-3669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingxuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geoscience & Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geoscience & Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763916","display_name":"Yuxing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-223X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Equipment Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Faculty of Information Technology and Equipment Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-223X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Equipment Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Equipment Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060472832","https://openalex.org/A5091173441","https://openalex.org/A5100659086"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.8701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83941221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"622","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7801095247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7628670334815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6438503265380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal","display_name":"Coal","score":0.6419150829315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5605035424232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.5426173806190491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5199940800666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5029837489128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.48470616340637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.42442411184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4171246886253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-mining","display_name":"Coal mining","score":0.41564127802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39827775955200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.38541126251220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23215797543525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.12210828065872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11774620413780212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7801095247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7628670334815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6438503265380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.6419150829315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5605035424232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.5426173806190491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5199940800666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5029837489128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.48470616340637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.42442411184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4171246886253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108615695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12880211","display_name":"Coal mining","level":3,"score":0.41564127802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39827775955200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.38541126251220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23215797543525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.12210828065872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11774620413780212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21060622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060622","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/622/pdf?version=1561459896","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33267336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33267336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:876ec80727ba42ee988e7280e6f8c23d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/876ec80727ba42ee988e7280e6f8c23d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 6, p 622 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/6/622/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21060622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7515116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7515116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21060622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060622","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/622/pdf?version=1561459896","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7914885072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0801800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955629379.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1975056068","https://openalex.org/W1983734980","https://openalex.org/W2003109600","https://openalex.org/W2005286252","https://openalex.org/W2041719651","https://openalex.org/W2057063592","https://openalex.org/W2076475575","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2147141800","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2293332611","https://openalex.org/W2369089876","https://openalex.org/W2384666987","https://openalex.org/W2709073124","https://openalex.org/W2747991904","https://openalex.org/W2748934445","https://openalex.org/W2787884921","https://openalex.org/W2798653614","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949370174","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6676338569","https://openalex.org/W7058263196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W3166997759","https://openalex.org/W2794489335","https://openalex.org/W2080437822","https://openalex.org/W2153027217","https://openalex.org/W4383117988","https://openalex.org/W1589677080","https://openalex.org/W2770255720","https://openalex.org/W1509533962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"coal-rock":[1,17,49,81,97,107,123,172,178,196],"recognition":[2,18,50,180,197],"is":[3,68,142],"one":[4],"of":[5,39,95,121,182],"the":[6,45,74,85,96,100,111,122,138,146,162,167,177,183],"critical":[7],"technologies":[8],"for":[9],"intelligent":[10],"coal":[11,40],"mining":[12],"and":[13,27,34,41,62,128,151],"processing.":[14],"Most":[15],"existing":[16],"methods":[19],"have":[20],"some":[21],"defects,":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24],"unsatisfactory":[25],"performance":[26],"low":[28],"robustness.":[29],"To":[30],"solve":[31],"these":[32],"problems,":[33],"taking":[35],"distinctive":[36],"visual":[37],"features":[38,77,103],"rock":[42],"into":[43],"consideration,":[44],"multi-scale":[46,56,75,139,147,156],"feature":[47,140,149,153,157],"fusion":[48],"(MFFCRR)":[51],"model":[52,186],"based":[53,133],"on":[54,134],"a":[55,63],"Completed":[57],"Local":[58],"Binary":[59],"Pattern":[60],"(CLBP)":[61],"Convolution":[64],"Neural":[65],"Network":[66],"(CNN)":[67],"proposed":[69,184],"in":[70,84,110],"this":[71],"paper.":[72],"Firstly,":[73],"CLBP":[76,148],"are":[78,104,131,159],"extracted":[79,105],"from":[80,106],"image":[82,108,179],"samples":[83,109],"Texture":[86],"Feature":[87,113],"Extraction":[88,114],"(TFE)":[89],"sub-model,":[90,116],"which":[91,117,189],"represents":[92,118],"texture":[93,126],"information":[94,120,127,130,135],"image.":[98,124],"Secondly,":[99],"high-level":[101],"deep":[102,152],"Deep":[112],"(DFE)":[115],"macroscopic":[119,129],"The":[125],"acquired":[132],"theory.":[136],"Thirdly,":[137],"vector":[141,150],"generated":[143],"by":[144,191],"fusing":[145],"vector.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"vectors":[158],"input":[160],"to":[161,170],"nearest":[163],"neighbor":[164],"classifier":[165],"with":[166,194],"chi-square":[168],"distance":[169],"realize":[171],"recognition.":[173],"Experimental":[174],"results":[175],"show":[176],"accuracy":[181],"MFFCRR":[185],"reaches":[187],"97.9167%,":[188],"increased":[190],"2%-3%":[192],"compared":[193],"state-of-the-art":[195],"methods.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}