{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947312719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060554","title":"Information Entropy Theory Applied to the Dip-Phenomenon Analysis in Open Channel Flows","display_name":"Information Entropy Theory Applied to the Dip-Phenomenon Analysis in Open Channel Flows","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947312719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060554","mag":"2947312719","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33267268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21060554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/554/pdf?version=1561380654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/554/pdf?version=1561380654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070062914","display_name":"Domenica Mirauda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-6146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","display_name":"University of Basilicata","ror":"https://ror.org/03tc05689","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Domenica Mirauda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Basilicata University, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy","School of Engineering, Basilicata University, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Basilicata University, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Basilicata University, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013047404","display_name":"Maria Grazia Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-620X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","display_name":"University of Basilicata","ror":"https://ror.org/03tc05689","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Grazia Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Economics, Basilicata University, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy","Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Economics, Basilicata University, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Economics, Basilicata University, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Economics, Basilicata University, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070062914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.9129,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74599276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"554","last_page":"554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6430789232254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6200605630874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-channel-flow","display_name":"Open-channel flow","score":0.6061829328536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.5956253409385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.5074195265769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-velocity","display_name":"Flow velocity","score":0.4959331452846527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.478253036737442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.4781152606010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42904409766197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.39613568782806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.3442959785461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32727742195129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3036523461341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18292486667633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.135142982006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12325027585029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.0886983871459961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6430789232254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6200605630874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180925781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514096","display_name":"Open-channel flow","level":3,"score":0.6061829328536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.5956253409385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.5074195265769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.4959331452846527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.478253036737442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4781152606010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42904409766197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.39613568782806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3442959785461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32727742195129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3036523461341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18292486667633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.135142982006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12325027585029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0886983871459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21060554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/554/pdf?version=1561380654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33267268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33267268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7515043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7515043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e9d358671d64287b5ed7887e1a8fb31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e9d358671d64287b5ed7887e1a8fb31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 6, p 554 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibas.it:11563/136889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11563/136889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196360","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Basilicata)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","host_organization_name":"University of Basilicata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/6/554/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21060554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21060554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/6/554/pdf?version=1561380654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947312719.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947312719.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93135601","https://openalex.org/W766142319","https://openalex.org/W932708889","https://openalex.org/W1778518176","https://openalex.org/W1967021498","https://openalex.org/W1973277251","https://openalex.org/W1975217643","https://openalex.org/W1975535452","https://openalex.org/W1980048075","https://openalex.org/W1980419896","https://openalex.org/W1985801505","https://openalex.org/W1990415538","https://openalex.org/W1995431641","https://openalex.org/W2003224413","https://openalex.org/W2004332897","https://openalex.org/W2006537994","https://openalex.org/W2018490621","https://openalex.org/W2032558547","https://openalex.org/W2040382640","https://openalex.org/W2042629859","https://openalex.org/W2043839942","https://openalex.org/W2055929823","https://openalex.org/W2066009908","https://openalex.org/W2077040126","https://openalex.org/W2078399286","https://openalex.org/W2089983649","https://openalex.org/W2093658307","https://openalex.org/W2095946899","https://openalex.org/W2135352858","https://openalex.org/W2139804657","https://openalex.org/W2167576229","https://openalex.org/W2252065168","https://openalex.org/W2252571820","https://openalex.org/W2328474004","https://openalex.org/W2490748376","https://openalex.org/W2504907752","https://openalex.org/W2560369674","https://openalex.org/W2578935906","https://openalex.org/W2586462641","https://openalex.org/W2765928325","https://openalex.org/W2788525310","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W4230374604","https://openalex.org/W4252028749","https://openalex.org/W4253114999","https://openalex.org/W6629052980","https://openalex.org/W6661157063","https://openalex.org/W6664221885","https://openalex.org/W6691924502","https://openalex.org/W6983840202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075237332","https://openalex.org/W3041490575","https://openalex.org/W2061278088","https://openalex.org/W2970690932","https://openalex.org/W2626968056","https://openalex.org/W2163103544","https://openalex.org/W3039080452","https://openalex.org/W3033899355","https://openalex.org/W3216640679","https://openalex.org/W110144562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"knowledge":[1],"of":[2,14,26,73,76,135,146,166,181],"the":[3,18,51,55,62,69,74,82,93,113,121,129,132,144,147,164,167,173,182],"fluid":[4],"discharge":[5],"in":[6,155],"free":[7,70],"surface":[8,71],"flows":[9,78],"requires":[10],"a":[11,23,104,116],"great":[12],"number":[13],"velocity":[15,53,64,95],"measurements":[16],"along":[17],"whole":[19],"cross-section,":[20],"taking":[21],"up":[22],"large":[24],"amount":[25],"time,":[27],"using":[28],"expensive":[29],"equipment,":[30],"and":[31,100,110,138,157,176],"employing":[32],"specialized":[33],"labor.":[34],"To":[35],"overcome":[36],"these":[37],"obstacles,":[38],"various":[39],"models":[40],"have":[41],"been":[42],"developed":[43],"thus":[44,142],"far":[45],"that":[46],"show":[47],"how":[48],"to":[49,106,127,162],"estimate":[50],"mean":[52],"through":[54],"maximum":[56,63,94],"velocity.":[57],"In":[58,89,112],"three-dimensional":[59],"open":[60,140],"channels,":[61,141],"can":[65],"be":[66],"located":[67],"below":[68],"because":[72],"presence":[75],"secondary":[77],"mainly":[79],"originating":[80],"by":[81],"sidewalls,":[83],"an":[84,178],"occurrence":[85],"known":[86],"as":[87],"dip-phenomenon.":[88],"this":[90],"condition,":[91],"predicting":[92],"position":[96],"is":[97,125],"quite":[98],"difficult":[99],"has":[101],"always":[102],"represented":[103],"challenge":[105],"most":[107],"hydraulic":[108],"engineers":[109],"researchers.":[111],"present":[114],"study,":[115],"mathematical":[117],"model":[118],"derived":[119],"from":[120],"information":[122],"entropy":[123],"theory":[124],"proposed":[126],"evaluate":[128],"velocity-dip-position":[130],"over":[131],"entire":[133],"cross-section":[134],"both":[136],"wide":[137],"narrow":[139],"overcoming":[143],"limitations":[145],"existing":[148],"methods.":[149],"Large":[150],"literature":[151],"measurement":[152],"sets,":[153],"collected":[154],"uniform":[156],"non-uniform":[158],"flows,":[159],"were":[160],"used":[161],"test":[163],"validity":[165],"model,":[168],"showing":[169],"good":[170],"agreement":[171],"with":[172],"experimental":[174],"data":[175],"providing":[177],"accurate":[179],"estimation":[180],"dip-position.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}