{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2918816987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030244","title":"Entropy and Contrast Enhancement of Infrared Thermal Images Using the Multiscale Top-Hat Transform","display_name":"Entropy and Contrast Enhancement of Infrared Thermal Images Using the Multiscale Top-Hat Transform","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2918816987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030244","mag":"2918816987","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266959"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21030244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/244/pdf?version=1551703721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/244/pdf?version=1551703721","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017068244","display_name":"Julio C\u00e9sar Mello-Rom\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8379220","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03f27y887","country_code":"PY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}],"countries":["PY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio C\u00e9sar Mello Rom\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-4043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028615417","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis V\u00e1zquez Noguera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-4182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8379220","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03f27y887","country_code":"PY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}],"countries":["PY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis V\u00e1zquez Noguera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-4182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001157444","display_name":"Horacio Legal-Ayala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1790-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8379220","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03f27y887","country_code":"PY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}],"countries":["PY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horacio Legal-Ayala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1790-2559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027987805","display_name":"Diego P. Pinto-Roa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2479-9876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8379220","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03f27y887","country_code":"PY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}],"countries":["PY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego P. Pinto-Roa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2479-9876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013203651","display_name":"Santiago G\u00f3mez-Guerrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-0833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8379220","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03f27y887","country_code":"PY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}],"countries":["PY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Gomez-Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056656076","display_name":"Miguel Garc\u00eda-Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-7080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95013407","display_name":"Universidad Pablo de Olavide","ror":"https://ror.org/02z749649","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Garc\u00eda Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-7080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95013407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028615417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8379220"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":82.7422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99854548,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"244","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.7587222456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7023847699165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.6872879862785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6851252317428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5876685976982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5862535834312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5628165006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4777890145778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-infrared","display_name":"Thermal infrared","score":0.4503551423549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.30630528926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2501993477344513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.7587222456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7023847699165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.6872879862785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6851252317428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5876685976982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5862535834312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5628165006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4777890145778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984335091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Thermal infrared","level":3,"score":0.4503551423549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.30630528926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2501993477344513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21030244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/244/pdf?version=1551703721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a933403982f44ae8c0fa20a41637cf6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a933403982f44ae8c0fa20a41637cf6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 3, p 244 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/3/244/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21030244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7514725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7514725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.conacyt.gov.py:20.500.14066/4545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14066/4545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055437","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional CONACYT","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21030244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/244/pdf?version=1551703721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007262","https://openalex.org/W565449262","https://openalex.org/W834939556","https://openalex.org/W1561442812","https://openalex.org/W1973215862","https://openalex.org/W1992722249","https://openalex.org/W1995662747","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1996254693","https://openalex.org/W2001412060","https://openalex.org/W2002327166","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2020999355","https://openalex.org/W2023218193","https://openalex.org/W2036497549","https://openalex.org/W2042150079","https://openalex.org/W2043354948","https://openalex.org/W2054378299","https://openalex.org/W2054762883","https://openalex.org/W2064162616","https://openalex.org/W2068260262","https://openalex.org/W2068895870","https://openalex.org/W2073751678","https://openalex.org/W2074293096","https://openalex.org/W2074392034","https://openalex.org/W2082468369","https://openalex.org/W2130361026","https://openalex.org/W2134349833","https://openalex.org/W2139038335","https://openalex.org/W2139375301","https://openalex.org/W2143124831","https://openalex.org/W2144593602","https://openalex.org/W2147912492","https://openalex.org/W2155324222","https://openalex.org/W2161040207","https://openalex.org/W2183598498","https://openalex.org/W2294476764","https://openalex.org/W2339176204","https://openalex.org/W2350250262","https://openalex.org/W2518400929","https://openalex.org/W2520000989","https://openalex.org/W2526607496","https://openalex.org/W2550004078","https://openalex.org/W2557902449","https://openalex.org/W2744921175","https://openalex.org/W2767426010","https://openalex.org/W2796089230","https://openalex.org/W2912345866","https://openalex.org/W4250969944","https://openalex.org/W4292003313","https://openalex.org/W4376453519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W155195423","https://openalex.org/W2350437379","https://openalex.org/W3184332868","https://openalex.org/W2360806688","https://openalex.org/W273971055","https://openalex.org/W1858933348","https://openalex.org/W2351006740","https://openalex.org/W3157789538","https://openalex.org/W2372640428","https://openalex.org/W4390606651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discrete":[0],"entropy":[1],"is":[2,37,112],"used":[3],"to":[4,130],"measure":[5],"the":[6,61,67,71,82,108,117,123,131,156,161,165,168,179],"content":[7],"of":[8,25,32,35,44,60,66,84,103,116,137,155,167,181],"an":[9,16],"image,":[10,125],"where":[11],"a":[12,78,151],"higher":[13],"value":[14],"indicates":[15],"image":[17,36,169],"with":[18,49,145],"richer":[19],"details.":[20],"Infrared":[21],"images":[22,149],"are":[23,46,128,139],"capable":[24],"revealing":[26],"important":[27],"hidden":[28],"targets.":[29],"The":[30,97,141],"disadvantage":[31],"this":[33,74],"type":[34],"that":[38,69,80,160],"their":[39,88,91],"low":[40],"contrast":[41,180],"and":[42,94,105,134,177],"level":[43],"detail":[45],"not":[47],"consistent":[48],"human":[50],"visual":[51],"perception.":[52],"These":[53],"problems":[54],"can":[55],"be":[56],"caused":[57],"by":[58,64,114,170],"variations":[59],"environment":[62],"or":[63],"limitations":[65],"cameras":[68],"capture":[70],"images.":[72,184],"In":[73],"work":[75],"we":[76],"propose":[77],"method":[79,99,142,163],"improves":[81,164],"details":[83,166],"infrared":[85,109,124,147,182],"images,":[86],"increasing":[87,171],"entropy,":[89,172],"preserving":[90,174],"natural":[92,175],"appearance,":[93],"enhancing":[95,178],"contrast.":[96],"proposed":[98,162],"extracts":[100],"multiple":[101,126,135],"features":[102],"brightness":[104],"darkness":[106,138],"from":[107,150],"image.":[110],"This":[111],"done":[113],"means":[115],"multiscale":[118],"top-hat":[119],"transform.":[120],"To":[121],"improve":[122],"scales":[127],"added":[129],"bright":[132],"areas":[133,136],"subtracted.":[140],"was":[143],"tested":[144],"450":[146],"thermal":[148,183],"public":[152],"database.":[153],"Evaluation":[154],"experimental":[157],"results":[158],"shows":[159],"also":[173],"appearance":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2019-03-11T00:00:00"}
