{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907436852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030228","title":"Transport and Energetic Properties of a Ring of Interacting Spins Coupled to Heat Baths","display_name":"Transport and Energetic Properties of a Ring of Interacting Spins Coupled to Heat Baths","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907436852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030228","mag":"2907436852","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21030228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030228","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/228/pdf?version=1551257131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/228/pdf?version=1551257131","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048365491","display_name":"Xiansong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-3003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiansong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079249244","display_name":"Kenny Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2531-4092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenny Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041929623","display_name":"Vinitha Balachandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-1746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinitha Balachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028788463","display_name":"Dario Poletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-0176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114908","display_name":"UMI MajuLab","ror":"https://ror.org/027jrtw17","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210114908"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dario Poletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore","MajuLab, CNRS-UCA-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, Singapore 117543, Singapore","Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-0176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MajuLab, CNRS-UCA-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, Singapore 117543, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028788463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399","https://openalex.org/I4210114908"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63314642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"228","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spins","display_name":"Spins","score":0.9339772462844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.6896761655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6084406971931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5792412161827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","score":0.5762406587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.5502616167068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.4512667655944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","score":0.44860202074050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-current","display_name":"Heat current","score":0.41587015986442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.4071957468986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.29704681038856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.22577184438705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.19806963205337524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577658","display_name":"Spins","level":2,"score":0.9339772462844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6896761655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6084406971931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5792412161827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5762406587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.5502616167068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.4512667655944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8171440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903414","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.44860202074050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106925770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021908","display_name":"Heat current","level":3,"score":0.41587015986442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4071957468986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.29704681038856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.22577184438705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.19806963205337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21030228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030228","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/228/pdf?version=1551257131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.10951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.10951","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.10951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:293a8d6ba1a3447bb0c1bcb8387a22f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/293a8d6ba1a3447bb0c1bcb8387a22f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 3, p 228 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/3/228/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21030228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7514709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7514709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21030228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030228","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/228/pdf?version=1551257131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8465155563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOE2016-T2-1-065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907436852.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499509877","https://openalex.org/W1578322733","https://openalex.org/W1713840331","https://openalex.org/W1742731277","https://openalex.org/W1886609033","https://openalex.org/W1973583881","https://openalex.org/W1979634094","https://openalex.org/W1985962794","https://openalex.org/W1996995336","https://openalex.org/W1998198964","https://openalex.org/W1999603678","https://openalex.org/W2000566773","https://openalex.org/W2005675962","https://openalex.org/W2009237413","https://openalex.org/W2015587766","https://openalex.org/W2015683881","https://openalex.org/W2018484716","https://openalex.org/W2022986352","https://openalex.org/W2027891048","https://openalex.org/W2032839191","https://openalex.org/W2042537950","https://openalex.org/W2053308085","https://openalex.org/W2055728203","https://openalex.org/W2060287714","https://openalex.org/W2063785360","https://openalex.org/W2063807163","https://openalex.org/W2063890426","https://openalex.org/W2064036300","https://openalex.org/W2080704779","https://openalex.org/W2083876332","https://openalex.org/W2094782541","https://openalex.org/W2134688435","https://openalex.org/W2136674549","https://openalex.org/W2137964687","https://openalex.org/W2152983457","https://openalex.org/W2164973341","https://openalex.org/W2241679631","https://openalex.org/W2271820142","https://openalex.org/W2430536562","https://openalex.org/W2467858316","https://openalex.org/W2507983167","https://openalex.org/W2508760536","https://openalex.org/W2529785973","https://openalex.org/W2556368249","https://openalex.org/W2561264561","https://openalex.org/W2724400675","https://openalex.org/W2736664499","https://openalex.org/W2741777454","https://openalex.org/W2756079907","https://openalex.org/W2765816008","https://openalex.org/W2766919573","https://openalex.org/W2783610217","https://openalex.org/W2786017365","https://openalex.org/W2790861264","https://openalex.org/W2809758258","https://openalex.org/W2840034525","https://openalex.org/W2872836332","https://openalex.org/W2885126161","https://openalex.org/W2891557039","https://openalex.org/W2896257992","https://openalex.org/W2910877813","https://openalex.org/W2960138770","https://openalex.org/W2963114279","https://openalex.org/W3098449422","https://openalex.org/W3101675745","https://openalex.org/W3101930298","https://openalex.org/W3102415379","https://openalex.org/W3102445006","https://openalex.org/W3102668792","https://openalex.org/W3103027377","https://openalex.org/W3103843990","https://openalex.org/W3104186600","https://openalex.org/W3104341823","https://openalex.org/W3104984691","https://openalex.org/W3105217413","https://openalex.org/W3105243096","https://openalex.org/W3122754776","https://openalex.org/W4210600994","https://openalex.org/W4248650893","https://openalex.org/W6785812081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393037362","https://openalex.org/W4381247934","https://openalex.org/W1605706014","https://openalex.org/W3014827431","https://openalex.org/W1988768797","https://openalex.org/W2134240321","https://openalex.org/W2766691699","https://openalex.org/W2796131162","https://openalex.org/W2907436852","https://openalex.org/W2240000662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,21],"study":[1],"the":[2,36,42,45,48,53,63,76,84,94,100,103,111],"heat":[3,16,38,64],"and":[4,44,47,69,88],"spin":[5,81],"transport":[6],"properties":[7],"in":[8,61,70],"a":[9,31,80],"ring":[10,43],"of":[11,102],"interacting":[12],"spins":[13],"coupled":[14],"to":[15,33],"baths":[17,77],"at":[18],"different":[19],"temperatures.":[20],"show":[22,98],"that":[23],"interactions,":[24],"by":[25,93],"inducing":[26],"avoided":[27,112],"crossings,":[28],"can":[29,90,107],"be":[30,91],"means":[32],"tune":[34],"both":[35],"total":[37],"current":[39,65,82],"flowing":[40],"between":[41,75],"baths,":[46],"way":[49],"it":[50],"flows":[51,66],"through":[52],"system.":[54],"In":[55],"particular,":[56],"we":[57,97],"recognize":[58],"three":[59],"regimes":[60],"which":[62],"clockwise,":[67],"counterclockwise,":[68],"parallel.":[71],"The":[72],"temperature":[73],"bias":[74],"also":[78],"induces":[79],"within":[83],"ring,":[85],"whose":[86],"direction":[87],"magnitude":[89],"tuned":[92],"interaction.":[95],"Lastly,":[96],"how":[99],"ergotropy":[101],"nonequilibrium":[104],"steady":[105],"state":[106],"increase":[108],"significantly":[109],"near":[110],"crossings.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}