{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910462553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010058","title":"Unavoidable Destroyed Exergy in Crude Oil Pipelines due to Wax Precipitation","display_name":"Unavoidable Destroyed Exergy in Crude Oil Pipelines due to Wax Precipitation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910462553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010058","mag":"2910462553","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21010058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/58/pdf?version=1547291523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/58/pdf?version=1547291523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009053522","display_name":"Qinglin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinglin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110608962","display_name":"Jinwei Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JinWei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060383983","display_name":"Anbo Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anbo Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000004323","display_name":"Yang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056210398","display_name":"Yifan Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5036-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688716","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-5344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-5344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Recovery Ratio, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009053522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.3928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52413548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"58","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11630","display_name":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11630","display_name":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14224","display_name":"Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues","score":0.9502999782562256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.9796113967895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.6694673895835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crude-oil","display_name":"Crude oil","score":0.5472580194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5245205163955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5075063109397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","score":0.48960286378860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wax","display_name":"Wax","score":0.44295603036880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","score":0.43735456466674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3378816843032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.33547139167785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.33372753858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.2813689708709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20482301712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.17657479643821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.11208492517471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08022835850715637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.9796113967895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.6694673895835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987168347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Crude oil","level":2,"score":0.5472580194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5245205163955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5075063109397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.48960286378860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153033020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124695","display_name":"Wax","level":2,"score":0.44295603036880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.43735456466674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3378816843032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.33547139167785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.33372753858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.2813689708709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20482301712036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17657479643821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11208492517471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08022835850715637}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21010058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/58/pdf?version=1547291523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab48230ddc014ca0a81fa381fce07b33","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab48230ddc014ca0a81fa381fce07b33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 1, p 58 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/1/58/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21010058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7514165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7514165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21010058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/58/pdf?version=1547291523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910462553.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975502137","https://openalex.org/W2008778611","https://openalex.org/W2022161695","https://openalex.org/W2030951846","https://openalex.org/W2067968216","https://openalex.org/W2087448280","https://openalex.org/W2323869356","https://openalex.org/W2392578430","https://openalex.org/W2768950365","https://openalex.org/W2791503261","https://openalex.org/W2799338164","https://openalex.org/W7000088055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350865580","https://openalex.org/W2727137681","https://openalex.org/W3136650063","https://openalex.org/W2765142554","https://openalex.org/W4282916743","https://openalex.org/W4295804319","https://openalex.org/W4238646663","https://openalex.org/W4387574708","https://openalex.org/W2042599314","https://openalex.org/W1989840902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1,187],"the":[2,21,31,34,56,68,88,105,109,135,141,150,156,162,169,181,188,193,198,208,223,230,237,253],"technological":[3],"requirements":[4],"related":[5],"to":[6,51,226],"waxy":[7,73,259],"crude":[8,74,260],"oil":[9,35,43,75,90],"pipeline":[10,91],"transportation,":[11],"both":[12],"unavoidable":[13,80,95,125,143,163,171,189,215],"and":[14,27,60,67,78,115,123,131,140,168,255],"avoidable":[15],"destroyed":[16,81,96,126,144,164,172,190,199,216],"exergy":[17,82,97,127,145,165,173,200,217],"are":[18,76,102,118,128,138,196],"defined.":[19],"Considering":[20],"changing":[22],"characteristics":[23],"of":[24,33,40,72,158,214,258],"flow":[25,28],"pattern":[26],"regime":[29],"over":[30],"course":[32],"transportation":[36,46,100,257],"process,":[37],"a":[38,249],"method":[39],"dividing":[41],"station":[42],"pipelines":[44],"into":[45],"intervals":[47,101],"is":[48,84,146,174,204],"suggested":[49],"according":[50],"characteristic":[52],"temperatures,":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,92],"wax":[57],"precipitation":[58],"point":[59],"abnormal":[61],"point.":[62],"The":[63,121,211],"critical":[64],"transition":[65],"temperature":[66,232],"specific":[69],"heat":[70],"capacity":[71],"calculated,":[77],"an":[79,93],"formula":[83],"derived.":[85],"Then,":[86],"taking":[87],"Daqing":[89],"example,":[94],"in":[98],"various":[99,113],"calculated":[103],"during":[104],"actual":[106],"processes.":[107],"Furthermore,":[108],"influential":[110],"rules":[111],"under":[112],"design":[114,136],"operation":[116,194],"parameters":[117,137,195],"further":[119],"analyzed.":[120],"maximum":[122,142],"minimum":[124,170],"381.128":[129],"kJ/s":[130,148,176],"30.259":[132],"kJ/s.":[133],"When":[134,192,229],"simulated,":[139,197],"625":[147],"at":[149,177],"diameter":[151],"about":[152],"250":[153],"mm.":[154,179],"With":[155],"increase":[157,212,239],"insulation":[159],"layer":[160],"thickness,":[161],"decreases":[166],"continuously,":[167],"22":[175],"30":[178],"And":[180],"burial":[182],"depth":[183],"has":[184],"little":[185],"effect":[186],"exergy.":[191],"increases,":[201],"but":[202],"it":[203],"less":[205],"affected":[206],"by":[207],"outlet":[209,231],"pressure.":[210],"amplitude":[213],"will":[218,241],"not":[219,242],"exceed":[220,243],"2%":[221],"after":[222],"throughput":[224],"rises":[225],"80":[227],"m3/h.":[228],"increases":[233],"until":[234],"65":[235],"\u00b0C,":[236],"loss":[238],"range":[240],"4%.":[244],"Thus,":[245],"this":[246],"study":[247],"provides":[248],"theoretical":[250],"basis":[251],"for":[252],"safe":[254],"economical":[256],"oil.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
