{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910983582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010053","title":"Scaling Effects of Elevation Data on Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution Simulations","display_name":"Scaling Effects of Elevation Data on Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution Simulations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910983582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010053","mag":"2910983582","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21010053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010053","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/53/pdf?version=1547181262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/53/pdf?version=1547181262","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048092247","display_name":"Ying Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0010-151X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333421","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-3896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425985","display_name":"Pu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4186-699X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039813508","display_name":"Yuechen Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuechen Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062775203","display_name":"Zhenyao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-1943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100333421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.2274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59839817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7953805923461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.7635973691940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonpoint-source-pollution","display_name":"Nonpoint source pollution","score":0.7473344206809998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-runoff","display_name":"Surface runoff","score":0.7071954011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.6373729705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.6130175590515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5827524065971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution","display_name":"Pollution","score":0.5478371381759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-basin","display_name":"Drainage basin","score":0.459215372800827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-area","display_name":"Urban area","score":0.445738285779953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.42371347546577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.27161306142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.21632614731788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14452657103538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12583127617835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09320920705795288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7953805923461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.7635973691940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179006392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736556","display_name":"Nonpoint source pollution","level":3,"score":0.7473344206809998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.7071954011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.6373729705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.6130175590515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5827524065971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.5478371381759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.459215372800827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Urban area","level":2,"score":0.445738285779953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.42371347546577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.27161306142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.21632614731788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14452657103538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12583127617835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09320920705795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21010053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010053","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/53/pdf?version=1547181262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbe07579bdad4e08b653d70f062c71d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbe07579bdad4e08b653d70f062c71d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 1, p 53 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/1/53/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21010053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7514160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7514160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21010053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010053","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/53/pdf?version=1547181262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910983582.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2910983582.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151606771","https://openalex.org/W1964629541","https://openalex.org/W1967121113","https://openalex.org/W1975689554","https://openalex.org/W1979378192","https://openalex.org/W1979626627","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2014521415","https://openalex.org/W2038577667","https://openalex.org/W2040624624","https://openalex.org/W2062236407","https://openalex.org/W2087161811","https://openalex.org/W2113638812","https://openalex.org/W2266385521","https://openalex.org/W2300010845","https://openalex.org/W2303468042","https://openalex.org/W2461996201","https://openalex.org/W2467615185","https://openalex.org/W2519812196","https://openalex.org/W2558017956","https://openalex.org/W2558848999","https://openalex.org/W2621598443","https://openalex.org/W2701758731","https://openalex.org/W2790725357","https://openalex.org/W2793791550","https://openalex.org/W2802449207","https://openalex.org/W2886430645","https://openalex.org/W2901815464","https://openalex.org/W2904108769","https://openalex.org/W6606144160","https://openalex.org/W6726793670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297261251","https://openalex.org/W2054563345","https://openalex.org/W2289326657","https://openalex.org/W2617464586","https://openalex.org/W1978112581","https://openalex.org/W2896917111","https://openalex.org/W2585016449","https://openalex.org/W2318890005","https://openalex.org/W2512263974","https://openalex.org/W2510990295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,129,152],"scale":[1,33,81,180],"effects":[2,88,181],"of":[3,35,61,93,143,159,178,182],"digital":[4],"elevation":[5],"models":[6],"(DEM)":[7],"on":[8,38,57,84],"hydrology":[9],"and":[10,41,70,89,124,156,190],"nonpoint":[11],"source":[12],"(NPS)":[13],"pollution":[14,43,100,109],"simulations":[15,110],"have":[16],"been":[17],"widely":[18],"reported":[19],"for":[20,26,97,145,203],"natural":[21,104],"watersheds":[22],"but":[23],"seldom":[24],"studied":[25,45],"urban":[27,49,98,107,188],"catchments.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"study,":[31],"the":[32,39,58,71,80,85,106,115,120,137,175,179],"effect":[34],"DEM":[36,59,94,150,183],"data":[37,60,95,184,204],"rainfall-runoff":[40],"NPS":[42,99,108],"was":[44],"in":[46,51,185],"a":[47,90,186,201],"typical":[48,187],"catchment":[50,138],"China.":[52],"Models":[53],"were":[54,75,111],"constructed":[55],"based":[56],"nine":[62],"different":[63,164],"resolutions.":[64],"conventional":[66],"model":[67],"performance":[68],"indicators":[69],"information":[72,173],"entropy":[73],"method":[74],"applied":[76],"together":[77],"to":[78,119,163,167,196],"evaluate":[79],"effects.":[82,169],"Based":[83],"results,":[86],"scaling":[87,168],"resolution":[91],"threshold":[92],"exist":[96],"simulations.":[101],"Compared":[102],"with":[103,148],"watersheds,":[105],"primarily":[112],"affected":[113],"by":[114],"local":[116],"terrain":[117,123],"due":[118],"overall":[121],"flat":[122],"dense":[125],"sewer":[126],"inlet":[127],"distribution.":[128],"overland":[130],"process":[131],"simulation":[132,165],"responded":[133],"more":[134],"sensitively":[135],"than":[136],"outlet,":[139],"showing":[140],"prolonged":[141],"times":[142],"concentration":[144],"impervious":[146],"areas":[147],"decreasing":[149],"resolution.":[151],"diverse":[153],"spatial":[154],"distributions":[155],"accumulation":[157],"magnitudes":[158],"pollutants":[160],"could":[161],"lead":[162],"responses":[166],"This":[170],"paper":[171],"provides":[172],"about":[174],"specific":[176],"characteristics":[177],"catchment,":[189],"these":[191],"results":[192],"can":[193],"be":[194],"extrapolated":[195],"other":[197],"similar":[198],"catchments":[199],"as":[200],"reference":[202],"collection.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}