{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905119581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120985","title":"A Simple Thermodynamic Model of the Internal Convective Zone of the Earth","display_name":"A Simple Thermodynamic Model of the Internal Convective Zone of the Earth","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905119581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120985","mag":"2905119581","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120985","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/985/pdf?version=1545129603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/985/pdf?version=1545129603","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011703221","display_name":"Karen Arango-Reyes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Arango-Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edif. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edif. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011685376","display_name":"M. A. Barranco-Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-8303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Antonio Barranco-Jim\u00e9nez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Superior de C\u00f3mputo del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Miguel Bernard, Esq. Av. Miguel Oth\u00f3n de Mendizabal, Colonia Lindavista, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-8303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Superior de C\u00f3mputo del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Miguel Bernard, Esq. Av. Miguel Oth\u00f3n de Mendizabal, Colonia Lindavista, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061698214","display_name":"G. Ares de Parga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-2480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalo Ares de Parga-\u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edif. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-2480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edif. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041031923","display_name":"F. Angulo\u2010Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-890X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Angulo-Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edif. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-890X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edif. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061698214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1537,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51163968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"985","last_page":"985"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12850","display_name":"Field-Flow Fractionation Techniques","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.7072534561157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convection","display_name":"Convection","score":0.5966218113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","score":0.5723764300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4506247341632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.410224586725235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.37935999035835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28736671805381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.2820283770561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10067567229270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07819703221321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7072534561157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.5966218113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26148502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488752","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","level":2,"score":0.5723764300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4506247341632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.410224586725235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.37935999035835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28736671805381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2820283770561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10067567229270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07819703221321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120985","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/985/pdf?version=1545129603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:830f5bfa88424f749c0568dd48061043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/830f5bfa88424f749c0568dd48061043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 12, p 985 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/12/985/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7512586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7512586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120985","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/985/pdf?version=1545129603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324217","display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n de Operaci\u00f3n y Fomento de Actividades Acad\u00e9micas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905119581.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905119581.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206235364","https://openalex.org/W1502985915","https://openalex.org/W1508600178","https://openalex.org/W1594412726","https://openalex.org/W1671380630","https://openalex.org/W1676797757","https://openalex.org/W1970773033","https://openalex.org/W1975996398","https://openalex.org/W1976142002","https://openalex.org/W1982465360","https://openalex.org/W1982468609","https://openalex.org/W1984707178","https://openalex.org/W1988228537","https://openalex.org/W1989141884","https://openalex.org/W1997110993","https://openalex.org/W2004646042","https://openalex.org/W2015855417","https://openalex.org/W2021634465","https://openalex.org/W2023813498","https://openalex.org/W2026654208","https://openalex.org/W2034429059","https://openalex.org/W2039407700","https://openalex.org/W2043597753","https://openalex.org/W2044487234","https://openalex.org/W2053950360","https://openalex.org/W2056884602","https://openalex.org/W2058020634","https://openalex.org/W2064851776","https://openalex.org/W2073930650","https://openalex.org/W2076952568","https://openalex.org/W2079800515","https://openalex.org/W2080257772","https://openalex.org/W2084255008","https://openalex.org/W2084591727","https://openalex.org/W2084885537","https://openalex.org/W2085845463","https://openalex.org/W2134665031","https://openalex.org/W2484101695","https://openalex.org/W2504536627","https://openalex.org/W2737071282","https://openalex.org/W2888327582","https://openalex.org/W3021199318","https://openalex.org/W3119417600","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6654375942","https://openalex.org/W6721993468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2478024444","https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W3142718750","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W2144274238","https://openalex.org/W1993436318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"it":[1],"is":[2,20,65],"well":[3],"known":[4],"both":[5],"atmospheric":[6,82],"and":[7,71,145],"mantle":[8],"convection":[9,103],"are":[10],"very":[11,22],"complex":[12],"phenomena.":[13],"The":[14],"dynamical":[15],"description":[16],"of":[17,43,54,62,80,113,116,129],"these":[18,37],"processes":[19],"a":[21,33],"difficult":[23],"task":[24],"involving":[25],"complicated":[26],"2-D":[27],"or":[28],"3-D":[29],"mathematical":[30],"models.":[31],"However,":[32],"first":[34],"approximation":[35],"to":[36,75,99],"phenomena":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40],"by":[41,51,69,84],"means":[42],"simplified":[44],"thermodynamic":[45],"models":[46],"where":[47],"the":[48,52,66,77,81,90,95,102,105,111,120,123,127,130,134,138,141,146],"restriction":[49],"imposed":[50],"laws":[53],"thermodynamics":[55,87],"play":[56],"an":[57],"important":[58],"role.":[59],"An":[60],"example":[61],"this":[63],"approach":[64],"model":[67,98,124],"proposed":[68],"Gordon":[70],"Zarmi":[72],"in":[73,104,133],"1989":[74],"emulate":[76],"convective":[78,117],"cells":[79,118],"air":[83],"using":[85],"finite-time":[86],"(FTT).":[88],"In":[89],"present":[91],"article":[92],"we":[93],"use":[94],"FTT":[96],"Gordon-Zarmi":[97],"coarsely":[100],"describe":[101],"Earth's":[106],"mantle.":[107,121],"Our":[108],"results":[109],"permit":[110],"existence":[112],"two":[114],"layers":[115],"along":[119],"Besides":[122],"reasonably":[125],"reproduce":[126],"temperatures":[128],"main":[131],"discontinuities":[132],"mantle,":[135],"such":[136],"as":[137],"410":[139],"km-discontinuity,":[140],"Repetti":[142],"transition":[143],"zone":[144],"so-called":[147],"D-Layer.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
