{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900000547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120953","title":"Optimization and Entropy Production: Application to Carnot-Like Refrigeration Machines","display_name":"Optimization and Entropy Production: Application to Carnot-Like Refrigeration Machines","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900000547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120953","mag":"2900000547","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/953/pdf?version=1545018875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/953/pdf?version=1545018875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070827908","display_name":"Camelia Stanciu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-8131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Camelia Stanciu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-8131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025830555","display_name":"Michel Feidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110956","display_name":"Laboratoire \u00c9nergies et M\u00e9canique Th\u00e9orique et Appliqu\u00e9e","ror":"https://ror.org/01pfter31","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210110956","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Feidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEMTA, URA CNRS 7563, University of Lorraine, 54518 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEMTA, URA CNRS 7563, University of Lorraine, 54518 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90183372","https://openalex.org/I4210110956","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103186087","display_name":"Monica Costea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-7286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Costea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070829782","display_name":"Dorin Stanciu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorin Stanciu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-2006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070827908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.0251,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7583033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"953","last_page":"953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnot-cycle","display_name":"Carnot cycle","score":0.7903714179992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.5892462730407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refrigeration","display_name":"Refrigeration","score":0.5469735264778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.49213045835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4794970154762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy-production","display_name":"Entropy production","score":0.4663350582122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4504833221435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.43699905276298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4313591420650482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42533665895462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laws-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","score":0.41334348917007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.35940587520599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33470115065574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3273226022720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15926557779312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15638399124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.09513962268829346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119104473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188910","display_name":"Carnot cycle","level":2,"score":0.7903714179992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.5892462730407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69907114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747713","display_name":"Refrigeration","level":2,"score":0.5469735264778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.49213045835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4794970154762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207282930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380811","display_name":"Entropy production","level":2,"score":0.4663350582122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4504833221435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.43699905276298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4313591420650482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42533665895462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18815010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849392","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.41334348917007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.35940587520599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33470115065574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3273226022720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15926557779312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15638399124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.09513962268829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/953/pdf?version=1545018875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03073134v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03073134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, 2018, 20 (12), pp.953. ⟨10.3390/e20120953⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5940092c6a694e90842b75bcd4b68dfd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5940092c6a694e90842b75bcd4b68dfd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 12, p 953 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/12/953/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7512537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7512537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120953","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/953/pdf?version=1545018875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900000547.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80826761","https://openalex.org/W582868758","https://openalex.org/W2004118990","https://openalex.org/W2005597344","https://openalex.org/W2005720200","https://openalex.org/W2006163170","https://openalex.org/W2008032592","https://openalex.org/W2009440311","https://openalex.org/W2015599929","https://openalex.org/W2022688964","https://openalex.org/W2049152780","https://openalex.org/W2084255008","https://openalex.org/W2084294336","https://openalex.org/W2311628347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155068770","https://openalex.org/W3106253052","https://openalex.org/W2592838540","https://openalex.org/W2118905304","https://openalex.org/W4249978032","https://openalex.org/W2018351159","https://openalex.org/W4302345547","https://openalex.org/W2776162275","https://openalex.org/W2554957841","https://openalex.org/W165917615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"optimization":[1,14,70,94],"models":[2],"of":[3,20,71,102,136,145,154,181],"irreversible":[4],"reverse":[5],"cycle":[6],"machines":[7,73],"have":[8],"been":[9],"developed":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12,49,55],"different":[13,118,188],"criteria":[15],"in":[16,185,197],"the":[17,28,34,45,50,105,115,125,132,137,143,146,151,179,182,193],"literature,":[18],"most":[19,194],"them":[21],"using":[22,97],"linear":[23],"heat":[24,46,76,85,147],"transfer":[25,47,86,148],"laws":[26,87,149],"at":[27],"source":[29],"and":[30,69,88,90,99,104,161,190],"sink.":[31],"This":[32,57],"raises":[33],"issue":[35,61],"how":[36],"close":[37],"to":[38,79,114,169,178],"actual":[39],"operation":[40,186],"conditions":[41],"they":[42],"are,":[43],"since":[44],"law":[48],"phase-change":[51],"processes":[52],"is":[53],"dependent":[54],"\u0394T3.":[56],"paper":[58],"addresses":[59],"this":[60],"by":[62],"proposing":[63],"a":[64,80],"general":[65],"model":[66],"for":[67,157],"study":[68],"thermal":[72],"with":[74,83,167],"two":[75],"reservoirs":[77],"applied":[78],"Carnot-like":[81],"refrigerator,":[82],"non-linear":[84],"internal":[89],"external":[91],"irreversibility.":[92],"The":[93,175],"was":[95],"performed":[96],"First":[98],"Second":[100],"Law":[101],"Thermodynamics":[103],"Lagrange":[106],"multipliers":[107],"method.":[108],"Thus,":[109],"several":[110,171],"constraints":[111,189],"were":[112,121],"imposed":[113],"system,":[116],"also":[117,162],"objective":[119],"functions":[120],"considered,":[122],"allowing":[123],"finding":[124],"optimum":[126,152],"operating":[127],"conditions,":[128],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"limited":[133],"variation":[134],"ranges":[135],"system":[138,155,170,183],"parameters.":[139],"Results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"nature":[144],"affects":[150],"values":[153],"parameters":[156,172],"obtaining":[158],"maximum":[159],"performances":[160],"their":[163],"magnitude.":[164],"Sensitivity":[165],"studies":[166],"respect":[168],"are":[173],"presented.":[174],"results":[176],"contribute":[177],"understanding":[180],"limits":[184],"under":[187],"allow":[191],"choosing":[192],"convenient":[195],"variables":[196],"given":[198],"circumstances.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}