{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902033916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120918","title":"Noise Reduction Method of Underwater Acoustic Signals Based on Uniform Phase Empirical Mode Decomposition, Amplitude-Aware Permutation Entropy, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient","display_name":"Noise Reduction Method of Underwater Acoustic Signals Based on Uniform Phase Empirical Mode Decomposition, Amplitude-Aware Permutation Entropy, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902033916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120918","mag":"2902033916","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/918/pdf?version=1545109835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/918/pdf?version=1545109835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337868","display_name":"Guohui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-4311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guohui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-4311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101431410","display_name":"Zhichao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-2708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-2708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062896696","display_name":"Hong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-5879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062896696","https://openalex.org/A5100337868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.8096,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.913223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"918","last_page":"918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.8693939447402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.5970525145530701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5230816006660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5051777958869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.49560725688934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47986239194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4520532786846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.43210506439208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4274536669254303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3503221869468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.2951071262359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2648317813873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2131159007549286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.191177099943161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1828232705593109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09146755933761597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.8693939447402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.5970525145530701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5230816006660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5051777958869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.49560725688934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47986239194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4520532786846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.43210506439208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4274536669254303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3503221869468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.2951071262359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2648317813873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2131159007549286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.191177099943161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1828232705593109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09146755933761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/918/pdf?version=1545109835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c245ec47c0974cb4a4636a251ba90e6c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c245ec47c0974cb4a4636a251ba90e6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 12, p 918 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/12/918/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7512504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7512504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20120918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/12/918/pdf?version=1545109835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8095425598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 51709228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8685861336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51709228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325367","display_name":"Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902033916.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902033916.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1234936568","https://openalex.org/W1499683578","https://openalex.org/W1965239040","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2014683958","https://openalex.org/W2021944611","https://openalex.org/W2031377725","https://openalex.org/W2036172225","https://openalex.org/W2040418014","https://openalex.org/W2073891544","https://openalex.org/W2075862631","https://openalex.org/W2118183148","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2125056386","https://openalex.org/W2134249575","https://openalex.org/W2275970519","https://openalex.org/W2280719928","https://openalex.org/W2301394020","https://openalex.org/W2322045482","https://openalex.org/W2330645722","https://openalex.org/W2462722439","https://openalex.org/W2473730111","https://openalex.org/W2524020726","https://openalex.org/W2555142204","https://openalex.org/W2563578645","https://openalex.org/W2611174197","https://openalex.org/W2622660290","https://openalex.org/W2773280862","https://openalex.org/W2784928507","https://openalex.org/W2804048482","https://openalex.org/W2805941080","https://openalex.org/W2808638556","https://openalex.org/W2887002979","https://openalex.org/W2887025070","https://openalex.org/W2888711805","https://openalex.org/W2892066135","https://openalex.org/W2894356084","https://openalex.org/W3101733394","https://openalex.org/W3116963580","https://openalex.org/W3122798562","https://openalex.org/W6753702816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014107421","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2081563414","https://openalex.org/W2359718298","https://openalex.org/W2377062149","https://openalex.org/W2380939102","https://openalex.org/W154554909","https://openalex.org/W2072581623","https://openalex.org/W4382982879","https://openalex.org/W4311044000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Noise":[0],"reduction":[1,33,227],"of":[2,7,13,24,72,83,109,118,228],"underwater":[3,36,230],"acoustic":[4,37,231],"signals":[5,38,187],"is":[6,39,53,75,104,121,158,162,169,184,223],"great":[8],"significance":[9],"in":[10],"the":[11,20,65,80,94,101,144,147,151,155,165,167,181,207,237,244],"fields":[12],"military":[14],"and":[15,47,68,130,133,154,180,201,213,243,249],"ocean":[16],"exploration.":[17],"Based":[18],"on":[19,97],"adaptive":[21],"decomposition":[22,29,60,205],"characteristic":[23],"uniform":[25],"phase":[26],"empirical":[27,58],"mode":[28,59,66,111,204],"(UPEMD),":[30],"a":[31,54,76,107,173],"noise":[32,70,226,242],"method":[34,209,222,238],"for":[35,195],"proposed,":[40],"which":[41],"combines":[42],"amplitude-aware":[43],"permutation":[44,88],"entropy":[45,89],"(AAPE)":[46],"Pearson":[48],"correlation":[49],"coefficient":[50],"(PCC).":[51],"UPEMD":[52],"recently":[55],"proposed":[56,208,221],"improved":[57],"(EMD)":[61],"algorithm":[62],"that":[63,236],"alleviates":[64],"splitting":[67],"residual":[69],"effects":[71],"EMD.":[73],"AAPE":[74,91,117,153],"tool":[77],"to":[78,225],"quantify":[79],"information":[81,96],"content":[82],"nonlinear":[84],"time":[85,98],"series.":[86,99],"Unlike":[87],"(PE),":[90],"can":[92,239],"reflect":[93],"amplitude":[95],"Firstly,":[100],"original":[102,156],"signal":[103,157,183],"decomposed":[105],"into":[106,127],"series":[108],"intrinsic":[110],"functions":[112],"(IMFs)":[113],"by":[114],"UPEMD.":[115],"The":[116,123,220,233],"each":[119],"IMF":[120,149,168],"calculated.":[122,159],"modes":[124],"are":[125,137,178,193,247],"separated":[126],"high-frequency":[128,148],"IMFs":[129,136,141],"low-frequency":[131,135],"IMFs,":[132],"all":[134,176],"determined":[138,171],"as":[139,172],"useful":[140],"(UIMFs).":[142],"Then,":[143],"PCC":[145,161],"between":[146],"with":[150,188,199],"smallest":[152],"If":[160],"greater":[163],"than":[164],"threshold,":[166],"also":[170],"UIMF.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"UIMFs":[177],"reconstructed":[179],"denoised":[182],"obtained.":[185],"Chaotic":[186],"different":[189],"signal-to-noise":[190],"ratios":[191],"(SNRs)":[192],"used":[194],"denoising":[196],"experiments.":[197],"Compared":[198],"EMD":[200],"extreme-point":[202],"symmetric":[203],"(ESMD),":[206],"has":[210],"higher":[211],"SNR":[212],"smaller":[214],"root":[215],"mean":[216],"square":[217],"error":[218],"(RMSE).":[219],"applied":[224],"real":[229],"signals.":[232],"results":[234],"show":[235],"further":[240],"eliminate":[241],"chaotic":[245],"attractors":[246],"smoother":[248],"clearer.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-10T14:10:52.464848","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}