{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896642755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100770","title":"Operating Range for a Combined, Building-Scale Liquid Air Energy Storage and Expansion System: Energy and Exergy Analysis","display_name":"Operating Range for a Combined, Building-Scale Liquid Air Energy Storage and Expansion System: Energy and Exergy Analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896642755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100770","mag":"2896642755","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20100770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100770","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/770/pdf?version=1538981806","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/770/pdf?version=1538981806","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045859009","display_name":"Todd A. Howe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd A. Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069680543","display_name":"Anthony Pollman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony G. Pollman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003537001","display_name":"Anthony J. Gannon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-4396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony J. Gannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045859009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.3322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79586052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"10","first_page":"770","last_page":"770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.9102991819381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","score":0.6530936360359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-air","display_name":"Liquid air","score":0.6384965777397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.6199212074279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefaction","display_name":"Liquefaction","score":0.5808313488960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5379607677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5208069086074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5063222646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.27516603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.22649729251861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22044438123703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17731672525405884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.9102991819381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6530936360359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121164915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466790","display_name":"Liquid air","level":2,"score":0.6384965777397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.6199212074279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191859794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180208","display_name":"Liquefaction","level":2,"score":0.5808313488960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5379607677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5208069086074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5063222646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27516603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.22649729251861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22044438123703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17731672525405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20100770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100770","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/770/pdf?version=1538981806","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33265858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:calhoun.nps.edu:10945/61098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10945/61098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400952","display_name":"Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","host_organization_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:362f83ac7bfa48efb9544f1eb3164d6a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/362f83ac7bfa48efb9544f1eb3164d6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 10, p 770 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/10/770/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20100770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7512332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7512332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20100770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100770","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/770/pdf?version=1538981806","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896642755.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1186331260","https://openalex.org/W1572112335","https://openalex.org/W1663434495","https://openalex.org/W2017428530","https://openalex.org/W2030862382","https://openalex.org/W2033976726","https://openalex.org/W2046239985","https://openalex.org/W2049717348","https://openalex.org/W2063866856","https://openalex.org/W2066598041","https://openalex.org/W2080180784","https://openalex.org/W2087073235","https://openalex.org/W2105703296","https://openalex.org/W2144318898","https://openalex.org/W2151924475","https://openalex.org/W2164937069","https://openalex.org/W2174745767","https://openalex.org/W2251048166","https://openalex.org/W2403044902","https://openalex.org/W2508338568","https://openalex.org/W2579729113","https://openalex.org/W2605622626","https://openalex.org/W2734346593","https://openalex.org/W2740740345","https://openalex.org/W4229583253","https://openalex.org/W6741661732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350865580","https://openalex.org/W2727137681","https://openalex.org/W3136650063","https://openalex.org/W2765142554","https://openalex.org/W4282916743","https://openalex.org/W4295804319","https://openalex.org/W4238646663","https://openalex.org/W4387574708","https://openalex.org/W2042599314","https://openalex.org/W1989840902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,27,127],"paper":[1,81,163],"presents":[2],"the":[3,30,39,51,59,74,80,83,102,115,130,140],"results":[4],"of":[5,33,85,101,144,153,180],"an":[6,108,124,147],"ideal":[7,125],"theoretical":[8],"energy":[9,34,75,97,119,154,181],"and":[10,23,35,54,62,67,90,120,133,155,182],"exergy":[11,36,121,183],"analysis":[12,100],"for":[13,38,58,73,88,96,138,146],"a":[14,136],"combined,":[15],"building":[16],"scale":[17],"Liquid":[18],"Air":[19],"Energy":[20],"Storage":[21],"(LAES)":[22],"expansion":[24,64],"turbine":[25],"system.":[26],"work":[28,128],"identifies":[29],"upper":[31],"bounds":[32],"efficiency":[37],"combined":[40],"LAES-expansion":[41],"system":[42,49,103,150],"which":[43],"has":[44],"not":[45],"been":[46],"investigated.":[47],"The":[48,157],"uses":[50],"simple":[52],"Linde-Hampson":[53,56],"pre-cooled":[55],"cycles":[57],"liquefaction":[60,89],"subsystem":[61],"direct":[63],"method,":[65],"with":[66,107],"without":[68],"heating":[69,91],"above":[70],"ambient":[71,94],"temperature,":[72],"production":[76],"subsystem.":[77],"In":[78],"addition,":[79],"highlights":[82,129],"effectiveness":[84,145],"precooling":[86],"air":[87,92],"beyond":[93],"temperature":[95],"production.":[98],"Finally,":[99],"components":[104,112],"is":[105],"presented":[106,160],"aim":[109],"toward":[110],"identifying":[111],"that":[113],"have":[114],"greatest":[116],"impact":[117],"on":[118],"efficiencies":[122],"in":[123,151,161,171,178],"environment.":[126],"engineering":[131],"trade-space":[132],"serves":[134],"as":[135],"prescription":[137],"determining":[139],"merit":[141],"or":[142],"measures":[143],"engineered":[148],"LAES":[149,169],"terms":[152,179],"exergy.":[156],"analytical":[158],"approach":[159],"this":[162],"may":[164],"be":[165],"applied":[166],"to":[167,173],"other":[168],"configurations":[170],"order":[172],"identify":[174],"optimal":[175],"operating":[176],"points":[177],"efficiencies.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
