{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892901110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100743","title":"Maximum-Entropy Tools for Economic Fitness and Complexity","display_name":"Maximum-Entropy Tools for Economic Fitness and Complexity","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892901110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100743","mag":"2892901110","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20100743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/743/pdf?version=1538127238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/743/pdf?version=1538127238","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064715960","display_name":"Ruben Krantz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Krantz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, 2333 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, 2333 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023046173","display_name":"Valerio Gemmetto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Gemmetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, 2333 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, 2333 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041273626","display_name":"Diego Garlaschelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-1783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}],"countries":["IT","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Garlaschelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies, 55100 Lucca, Italy","Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, 2333 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies, 55100 Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, 2333 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064715960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.2434,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87934787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"10","first_page":"743","last_page":"743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5677135586738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.565215528011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-advantage","display_name":"Comparative advantage","score":0.5001637935638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.46113717555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4594162106513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.4484807550907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.41470348834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.41291341185569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.41231709718704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36838507652282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2861906886100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2078249752521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.1306266188621521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5677135586738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.565215528011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76474335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215551","display_name":"Comparative advantage","level":2,"score":0.5001637935638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.46113717555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4594162106513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.4484807550907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.41470348834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.41291341185569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.41231709718704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36838507652282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2861906886100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2078249752521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.1306266188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20100743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/743/pdf?version=1538127238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33265832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b351874fae64393bd71ab93f82058b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b351874fae64393bd71ab93f82058b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 10, p 743 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/10/743/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20100743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7848889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7848889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2909840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/70722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ul:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2909840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/70722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, 20(10), 743","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20100743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20100743","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/743/pdf?version=1538127238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4499217744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NWO/OCW","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892901110.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892901110.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591281642","https://openalex.org/W1966402429","https://openalex.org/W1985688105","https://openalex.org/W2024255776","https://openalex.org/W2032911731","https://openalex.org/W2050805565","https://openalex.org/W2053248591","https://openalex.org/W2079022804","https://openalex.org/W2098804859","https://openalex.org/W2115364079","https://openalex.org/W2147179807","https://openalex.org/W2594770789","https://openalex.org/W2747462890","https://openalex.org/W2767621469","https://openalex.org/W2883812783","https://openalex.org/W3100007618","https://openalex.org/W3102635506","https://openalex.org/W3103644395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W4312766348","https://openalex.org/W2730764323","https://openalex.org/W4233939244","https://openalex.org/W1976727107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,100],"concepts":[1],"of":[2,13,16,30,40,47,64,96,125,188,192],"economic":[3],"fitness":[4],"and":[5,10,19,32],"complexity,":[6],"based":[7,66],"on":[8,67,177],"iterative":[9],"interdependent":[11],"definitions":[12],"the":[14,28,38,44,61,68,74,87,93,112,122,168,172,189],"quality":[15],"exporting":[17],"countries":[18],"exported":[20],"products,":[21],"have":[22,145],"led":[23],"to":[24,77,120,131,153,183],"novel":[25],"insights":[26],"into":[27],"dynamics":[29],"production":[31],"trade.":[33],"A":[34],"key":[35],"step":[36],"in":[37,151,167],"calculation":[39],"these":[41],"quantities":[42],"is":[43,102],"preliminary":[45],"identification":[46],"statistically":[48,132,140],"relevant":[49],"country-product":[50],"pairs.In":[51],"this":[52,139,159],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,144],"propose":[55],"a":[56,185],"method":[57],"that":[58,110,148,155],"could":[59],"improve":[60],"current":[62],"practice":[63],"filtering":[65,136,142],"revealed":[69,113],"comparative":[70,114],"advantage,":[71],"by":[72],"employing":[73],"maximum-entropy":[75],"principle":[76],"construct":[78],"an":[79,103],"unbiased":[80],"link":[81,128,135,180],"weight":[82],"probability":[83],"distribution":[84,106],"that,":[85],"unlike":[86],"traditional":[88],"thresholding":[89],"method,":[90,143,160],"allows":[91,118,181],"for":[92,107],"statistical":[94,123,173],"assessment":[95],"empirical":[97],"trade":[98,108,127,134,179],"volumes.":[99],"result":[101],"adjusted":[104],"geometric":[105],"links":[109],"refines":[111],"advantage":[115],"approach.":[116],"This":[117],"us":[119,182],"define":[121],"significance":[124],"each":[126,178],"weight,":[129],"leading":[130],"supported":[133],"decisions.":[137],"Using":[138],"justified":[141],"obtained":[146,176],"results":[147],"are":[149,164],"similar":[150],"nature":[152],"those":[154],"were":[156],"found":[157],"without":[158],"even":[161],"though":[162],"there":[163],"significant":[165],"deviations":[166],"details.":[169],"In":[170],"addition,":[171],"information":[174],"thus":[175],"perform":[184],"spectral":[186],"analysis":[187],"export":[190],"portfolio":[191],"individual":[193],"economies.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}