{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890431171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20090701","title":"Research on Recognition Method of Driving Fatigue State Based on Sample Entropy and Kernel Principal Component Analysis","display_name":"Research on Recognition Method of Driving Fatigue State Based on Sample Entropy and Kernel Principal Component Analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890431171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20090701","mag":"2890431171","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20090701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20090701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/9/701/pdf?version=1536812485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/9/701/pdf?version=1536812485","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021823194","display_name":"Beige Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beige Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067457943","display_name":"Taorong Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-1208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taorong Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074249401","display_name":"Xiaoming Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-7643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027326100","display_name":"Ping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-6066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021823194","https://openalex.org/A5067457943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":2.0017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86566543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"9","first_page":"701","last_page":"701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14225","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Control Systems","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-entropy","display_name":"Sample entropy","score":0.8313966393470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","score":0.8052543997764587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7891522645950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7780090570449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7275843024253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6615772843360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5777443051338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5597988963127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-entropy","display_name":"Approximate entropy","score":0.5193475484848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5102088451385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.4643905758857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32038551568984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.29807257652282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08611997961997986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66696666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105612","display_name":"Sample entropy","level":3,"score":0.8313966393470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.8052543997764587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7891522645950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7780090570449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7275843024253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6615772843360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5777443051338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5597988963127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86859247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781760","display_name":"Approximate entropy","level":3,"score":0.5193475484848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5102088451385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4643905758857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32038551568984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.29807257652282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08611997961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20090701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20090701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/9/701/pdf?version=1536812485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33265790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ddc9666d325449496dec02da0a040bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ddc9666d325449496dec02da0a040bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 9, p 701 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/9/701/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20090701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7513215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7513215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20090701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20090701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/9/701/pdf?version=1536812485","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G501452438","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u591a\u7279\u5f81\u878d\u5408\u7684\u75b2\u52b3\u9a7e\u9a76\u72b6\u6001\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61762045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5788389879","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u8986\u76d6\u7c97\u7cd9\u96c6\u7684\u80f6\u539f\u6027\u5173\u8282\u708e\u514d\u75ab\u8c03\u8282\u4e0e\u75db\u75f9\u5ef6\u7f13\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"81460769","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6618649434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61070139,81460769,61762045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7974594577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61070139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890431171.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890431171.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077204677","https://openalex.org/W2286439238","https://openalex.org/W2319734199","https://openalex.org/W2587124275","https://openalex.org/W2590210438","https://openalex.org/W2799501394","https://openalex.org/W2883597459","https://openalex.org/W6753843543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093589470","https://openalex.org/W2415751681","https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W2889925888","https://openalex.org/W3121271574","https://openalex.org/W2579148721","https://openalex.org/W2379488555","https://openalex.org/W4205160129","https://openalex.org/W2084594947","https://openalex.org/W2753886092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"view":[1],"of":[2,6,25,61,66,72,119],"the":[3,12,19,22,26,59,62,70,82,94,102,134],"nonlinear":[4,78],"characteristics":[5],"electroencephalography":[7],"(EEG)":[8],"signals":[9],"collected":[10],"in":[11,74],"driving":[13,27,42],"fatigue":[14,28,43],"state":[15,29],"recognition":[16,23,30,44,64],"research":[17],"and":[18,51,69,81,105,124],"issue":[20],"that":[21,126,133],"accuracy":[24,65],"method":[31,45,96,135],"based":[32,46,109],"on":[33,47,101,110],"EEG":[34,103],"is":[35,99,136],"still":[36],"unsatisfactory,":[37],"this":[38],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"a":[41],"sample":[48,67],"entropy":[49,68,112,115],"(SE)":[50],"kernel":[52],"principal":[53,79],"component":[54],"analysis":[55],"(KPCA),":[56],"which":[57],"combines":[58],"advantage":[60],"high":[63],"advantages":[71],"KPCA":[73],"dimensionality":[75],"reduction":[76],"for":[77],"components":[80],"strong":[83],"non-linear":[84],"processing":[85],"capability.":[86],"By":[87],"using":[88],"support":[89],"vector":[90],"machine":[91],"(SVM)":[92],"classifier,":[93],"proposed":[95],"(called":[97],"SE_KPCA)":[98],"tested":[100],"data,":[104],"compared":[106],"with":[107,128],"those":[108],"fuzzy":[111],"(FE),":[113],"combination":[114],"(CE),":[116],"three":[117],"kinds":[118],"entropies":[120],"including":[121],"SE,":[122],"FE":[123],"CE":[125],"merged":[127],"KPCA.":[129],"Experiment":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"effective.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
