{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886719095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20080566","title":"A Method for Measuring the Weak Value of Spin for Metastable Atoms","display_name":"A Method for Measuring the Weak Value of Spin for Metastable Atoms","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886719095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20080566","mag":"2886719095","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20080566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20080566","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/8/566/pdf?version=1532953855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/8/566/pdf?version=1532953855","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079512423","display_name":"R. Flack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-1057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Flack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-1057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053216082","display_name":"Vincenzo Monachello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Monachello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058429375","display_name":"B. J. Hiley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-1696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basil Hiley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045453660","display_name":"P. F. Barker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-9853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Barker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079512423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.3178,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61212462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"566","last_page":"566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastability","display_name":"Metastability","score":0.8865484595298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neon","display_name":"Neon","score":0.7055098414421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.6931058764457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helium","display_name":"Helium","score":0.6370179653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argon","display_name":"Argon","score":0.6108015179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","score":0.578011155128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5563160181045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5104674100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-measurement","display_name":"Weak measurement","score":0.45174264907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.4318024814128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.19201651215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11321058869361877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.08899092674255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06835249066352844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849516","display_name":"Metastability","level":2,"score":0.8865484595298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522602180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654","display_name":"Neon","level":3,"score":0.7055098414421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.6931058764457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546029482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560","display_name":"Helium","level":2,"score":0.6370179653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547737533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696","display_name":"Argon","level":2,"score":0.6108015179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.578011155128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5563160181045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5104674100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50150098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2607127","display_name":"Weak measurement","level":3,"score":0.45174264907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4318024814128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.19201651215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11321058869361877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.08899092674255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06835249066352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20080566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20080566","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/8/566/pdf?version=1532953855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33265654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6dd6d378724b40959d8abd732533600c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6dd6d378724b40959d8abd732533600c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 8, p 566 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10056112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10056112/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Entropy , 20  (8)    , Article 566. (2018)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/8/566/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20080566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7513091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7513091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20080566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20080566","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/8/566/pdf?version=1532953855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306334","display_name":"John E. Fetzer Memorial Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh2zc60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306689","display_name":"Fetzer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02t1yaf39"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886719095.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886719095.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187604739","https://openalex.org/W1479923323","https://openalex.org/W1572991528","https://openalex.org/W1968356682","https://openalex.org/W1968357381","https://openalex.org/W1977951761","https://openalex.org/W1980447855","https://openalex.org/W1984118521","https://openalex.org/W1985965156","https://openalex.org/W1996614902","https://openalex.org/W1997093580","https://openalex.org/W1998535563","https://openalex.org/W2005066841","https://openalex.org/W2007132898","https://openalex.org/W2024454387","https://openalex.org/W2025367939","https://openalex.org/W2045415052","https://openalex.org/W2072461807","https://openalex.org/W2072957404","https://openalex.org/W2081940790","https://openalex.org/W2092093662","https://openalex.org/W2217051974","https://openalex.org/W2240684709","https://openalex.org/W2243494393","https://openalex.org/W2317184887","https://openalex.org/W2319981968","https://openalex.org/W2799637418","https://openalex.org/W2800345925","https://openalex.org/W3101911436","https://openalex.org/W3123098901","https://openalex.org/W4241387523","https://openalex.org/W4249821837","https://openalex.org/W6651983715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025165948","https://openalex.org/W2034717697","https://openalex.org/W2039018847","https://openalex.org/W2348675484","https://openalex.org/W2006231360","https://openalex.org/W2084541925","https://openalex.org/W2024695159","https://openalex.org/W2081434278","https://openalex.org/W2045139542","https://openalex.org/W1986809071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,21],"method":[1],"for":[2,9,27,103],"measuring":[3],"the":[4,17,29,33,37,50,56,64,83,93,109],"weak":[5,34,94],"value":[6,35,95],"of":[7,16,24,32,49,52,66,75,92,96],"spin":[8],"atoms":[10,54],"is":[11,62,77],"proposed":[12],"using":[13,36],"a":[14,47],"variant":[15],"original":[18],"Stern-Gerlach":[19],"apparatus.":[20],"full":[22],"simulation":[23],"an":[25,89],"experiment":[26,76],"observing":[28],"real":[30],"part":[31],"impulsive":[38],"approximation":[39],"has":[40],"been":[41],"carried":[42],"out.":[43],"Our":[44,79],"predictions":[45],"show":[46],"displacement":[48],"beam":[51],"helium":[53],"in":[55,108],"metastable":[57,113],"23S1":[58,110],"state,":[59],"\u0394w,":[60],"that":[61,72,86],"within":[63],"resolution":[65],"conventional":[67],"microchannel":[68],"plate":[69],"detectors":[70],"indicating":[71],"this":[73],"type":[74],"feasible.":[78],"analysis":[80],"also":[81],"determines":[82],"experimental":[84,99],"parameters":[85],"will":[87],"give":[88],"accurate":[90],"determination":[91],"spin.":[97],"Preliminary":[98],"results":[100],"are":[101],"shown":[102],"helium,":[104],"neon":[105],"and":[106,111],"argon":[107],"3P2":[112],"states,":[114],"respectively.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}