{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807911502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060461","title":"Improving the Maximum Transmission Distance of Self-Referenced Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Using a Noiseless Linear Amplifier","display_name":"Improving the Maximum Transmission Distance of Self-Referenced Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Using a Noiseless Linear Amplifier","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807911502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060461","mag":"2807911502","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20060461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060461","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/461/pdf?version=1528967380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/461/pdf?version=1528967380","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012512740","display_name":"Yijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-0340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348138","display_name":"Xudong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-1420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103027211","display_name":"Duan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-0006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020160142","display_name":"Ying Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-2061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154710","display_name":"Wuxi Taihu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05qp6pd10","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IOT Engineering, Taihu University, Wuxi 214064, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-2061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IOT Engineering, Taihu University, Wuxi 214064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020160142"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210154710"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.1866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63435731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"461","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.8563073873519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.7100621461868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6594057679176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6131014823913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.48612403869628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4795486629009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-amplifier","display_name":"Linear amplifier","score":0.4585639238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43845221400260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4179508686065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.41715556383132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36599600315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3465089201927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33377885818481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.28427359461784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25713008642196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.13719400763511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1232680082321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.10815867781639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.09240540862083435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8563073873519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7100621461868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6594057679176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6131014823913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48612403869628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4795486629009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71041172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553412","display_name":"Linear amplifier","level":5,"score":0.4585639238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43845221400260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4179508686065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41715556383132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36599600315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3465089201927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33377885818481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.28427359461784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25713008642196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.13719400763511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1232680082321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.10815867781639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.09240540862083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20060461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060461","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/461/pdf?version=1528967380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33265551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7685258ef1524adbb478bcf2af3f6832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7685258ef1524adbb478bcf2af3f6832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 6, p 461 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/6/461/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20060461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7512978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7512978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20060461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060461","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/461/pdf?version=1528967380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2424556508","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61379153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4173400673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61379153, 61579725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5266033826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61579725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218792290","https://openalex.org/W761906455","https://openalex.org/W1535023471","https://openalex.org/W1653453656","https://openalex.org/W1735700352","https://openalex.org/W1962416004","https://openalex.org/W1970948459","https://openalex.org/W1974533821","https://openalex.org/W1980226452","https://openalex.org/W1986248614","https://openalex.org/W1988134541","https://openalex.org/W1991757623","https://openalex.org/W1994486052","https://openalex.org/W1996704313","https://openalex.org/W2000572113","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2017142013","https://openalex.org/W2024653493","https://openalex.org/W2028639436","https://openalex.org/W2034073876","https://openalex.org/W2062768305","https://openalex.org/W2079603077","https://openalex.org/W2081810236","https://openalex.org/W2089350264","https://openalex.org/W2097235858","https://openalex.org/W2105027281","https://openalex.org/W2118506629","https://openalex.org/W2120186389","https://openalex.org/W2121213780","https://openalex.org/W2122087154","https://openalex.org/W2142739935","https://openalex.org/W2372557991","https://openalex.org/W2415952269","https://openalex.org/W2491930961","https://openalex.org/W2592247191","https://openalex.org/W2605840365","https://openalex.org/W2611637517","https://openalex.org/W2742339826","https://openalex.org/W2748244163","https://openalex.org/W2765214146","https://openalex.org/W2962990474","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3099051622","https://openalex.org/W3101716043","https://openalex.org/W3104969325","https://openalex.org/W3106104359","https://openalex.org/W3122425631","https://openalex.org/W3143458671","https://openalex.org/W6641054701","https://openalex.org/W6786261855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111566376","https://openalex.org/W2535056989","https://openalex.org/W2106089357","https://openalex.org/W2119484716","https://openalex.org/W2784219136","https://openalex.org/W2149230931","https://openalex.org/W2163964946","https://openalex.org/W2366223615","https://openalex.org/W2802695006","https://openalex.org/W2736726810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"show":[1,90],"that":[2,91],"a":[3,115],"noiseless":[4],"linear":[5],"amplifier":[6],"(NLA)":[7],"can":[8,70,94,119],"be":[9],"placed":[10],"properly":[11],"at":[12],"the":[13,18,30,38,41,45,49,53,62,65,72,80,96,121,126],"receiver\u2019s":[14],"end":[15],"to":[16,61],"improve":[17,95],"performance":[19,54,97],"of":[20,40,48,55,64,74,98,107,117,128,131],"self-referenced":[21],"(SR)":[22],"continuous":[23],"variable":[24],"quantum":[25],"key":[26],"distribution":[27],"(CV-QKD)":[28],"when":[29],"reference":[31,50,66,82,103],"pulses":[32],"are":[33],"weak.":[34],"In":[35],"SR":[36,56,99],"CV-QKD,":[37],"imperfections":[39],"amplitude":[42,47,63],"modulator":[43],"limit":[44],"maximal":[46],"pulses,":[51,104],"while":[52],"CV-QKD":[57,100],"is":[58],"positively":[59],"related":[60],"pulses.":[67,83],"An":[68,112],"NLA":[69,113],"compensate":[71],"impacts":[73],"large":[75],"phase":[76],"noise":[77],"introduced":[78],"by":[79,125],"weak":[81,102],"Simulation":[84],"results":[85],"derived":[86],"from":[87],"collective":[88],"attacks":[89],"this":[92],"scheme":[93],"with":[101,114],"in":[105],"terms":[106],"extending":[108],"maximum":[109,122],"transmission":[110,123],"distance.":[111],"gain":[116],"g":[118],"increase":[120],"distance":[124],"equivalent":[127],"20log10g":[129],"dB":[130],"losses.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
