{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804010147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060398","title":"Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis: Introducing a New Form of Spatial Entropy","display_name":"Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis: Introducing a New Form of Spatial Entropy","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804010147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060398","mag":"2804010147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20060398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060398","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/398/pdf?version=1527566141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/398/pdf?version=1527566141","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003237783","display_name":"Chaojun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-1728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["3S Center, Tsinghua University; Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","3S Center, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3S Center, Tsinghua University; Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3S Center, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101218432","display_name":"Hongrui Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongrui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["3S Center, Tsinghua University; Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","3S Center, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3S Center, Tsinghua University; Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3S Center, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101218432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.619,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81918592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"398","last_page":"398"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-ecology","display_name":"Landscape ecology","score":0.6246535778045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5914112329483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.5430448055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.49883079528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49155864119529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-spatial-pattern","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","score":0.46901267766952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.4302247166633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3871555030345917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3466944396495819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2660936713218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.18774420022964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1722060739994049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10542303323745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.08948597311973572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87690585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738011","display_name":"Landscape ecology","level":3,"score":0.6246535778045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5914112329483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.5430448055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.49883079528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49155864119529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.46901267766952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4302247166633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3871555030345917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3466944396495819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2660936713218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.18774420022964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1722060739994049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10542303323745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.08948597311973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20060398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060398","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/398/pdf?version=1527566141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33265488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a9d32bf6b12f47b5b5fd0f54ea0cb599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a9d32bf6b12f47b5b5fd0f54ea0cb599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 6, p 398 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/20/6/398/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20060398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 20; Issue 6; Pages: 398","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7512918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7512918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20060398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20060398","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/6/398/pdf?version=1527566141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3360192033","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u7a7a\u4fe1\u606f\u71b5\u7684\u5ef6\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u8d28\u91cf\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41571414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804010147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804010147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574351071","https://openalex.org/W1485055227","https://openalex.org/W1531312210","https://openalex.org/W1620133492","https://openalex.org/W1911443818","https://openalex.org/W1964182541","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1975287387","https://openalex.org/W1986187083","https://openalex.org/W1990433983","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2017917631","https://openalex.org/W2058336014","https://openalex.org/W2063548203","https://openalex.org/W2065928352","https://openalex.org/W2073018799","https://openalex.org/W2079851821","https://openalex.org/W2081143057","https://openalex.org/W2108559697","https://openalex.org/W2120833882","https://openalex.org/W2122203277","https://openalex.org/W2122211886","https://openalex.org/W2123284266","https://openalex.org/W2124758681","https://openalex.org/W2126644409","https://openalex.org/W2129056096","https://openalex.org/W2158304989","https://openalex.org/W2162062941","https://openalex.org/W2222477994","https://openalex.org/W2248675947","https://openalex.org/W2278617006","https://openalex.org/W2320432931","https://openalex.org/W2381585096","https://openalex.org/W2548874548","https://openalex.org/W2605848078","https://openalex.org/W2782078109","https://openalex.org/W3190894976","https://openalex.org/W4246237884","https://openalex.org/W6736547372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486009484","https://openalex.org/W1995458675","https://openalex.org/W4239351380","https://openalex.org/W4238028212","https://openalex.org/W2963387968","https://openalex.org/W2361570780","https://openalex.org/W2146714472","https://openalex.org/W2343030682","https://openalex.org/W1520742015","https://openalex.org/W2068276846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distinguishing":[0],"and":[1,18,30,72,86,108,110,147,158,165,176,180,199],"characterizing":[2,181],"different":[3,42,74,182],"landscape":[4,14,35,43,75,140,167,183,197],"patterns":[5,44,141,198],"have":[6,21,31],"long":[7],"been":[8],"the":[9,23,95,136,144,154,192],"primary":[10],"concerns":[11],"of":[12,55,64,97,139,156,194],"quantitative":[13],"ecology.":[15,36],"Information":[16],"theory":[17],"entropy-related":[19,80],"metrics":[20,122],"provided":[22],"deepest":[24],"insights":[25],"in":[26,34,68,178],"complex":[27],"system":[28],"analysis,":[29],"high":[32],"relevance":[33],"However,":[37],"ideal":[38],"methods":[39],"to":[40,59,70,134],"compare":[41,153],"from":[45],"an":[46,79],"entropy":[47,66],"view":[48],"are":[49,150],"still":[50],"lacking.":[51],"The":[52],"overall":[53],"aim":[54],"this":[56,188],"research":[57],"is":[58,78,173],"propose":[60],"a":[61,90,131],"new":[62],"form":[63],"spatial":[65,92,98,119,137],"(Hs)":[67],"order":[69],"distinguish":[71],"characterize":[73],"patterns.":[76,168,184],"Hs":[77,129,157,172],"index":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83],"information":[84,117],"theory,":[85],"integrates":[87],"proximity":[88],"as":[89],"key":[91],"component":[93],"into":[94],"measurement":[96],"diversity.":[99],"Proximity":[100],"contains":[101],"two":[102],"aspects,":[103],"i.e.,":[104],"total":[105],"edge":[106,145],"length":[107,146],"distance,":[109],"by":[111],"including":[112],"both":[113,143,163],"aspects":[114],"gives":[115],"richer":[116],"about":[118],"pattern":[120],"than":[121],"that":[123,171,187],"only":[124],"consider":[125],"one":[126],"aspect.":[127],"Thus,":[128],"provides":[130],"novel":[132],"way":[133],"study":[135],"structures":[138],"where":[142],"distance":[148],"relationships":[149,195],"relevant.":[151],"We":[152,185],"performances":[155],"other":[159],"similar":[160],"approaches":[161],"through":[162],"simulated":[164],"real-life":[166],"Results":[169],"show":[170],"more":[174],"flexible":[175],"objective":[177],"distinguishing":[179],"believe":[186],"metric":[189],"will":[190],"facilitate":[191],"exploration":[193],"between":[196],"ecological":[200],"processes.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
