{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783570056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20010041","title":"Spooky Action at a Temporal Distance","display_name":"Spooky Action at a Temporal Distance","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783570056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20010041","mag":"2783570056","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20010041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20010041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/1/41/pdf?version=1515589950","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/1/41/pdf?version=1515589950","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007712246","display_name":"Emily Adlam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-7685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101018","display_name":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Materialforschung und Pr\u00fcfungsanstalt f\u00fcr das Bauwesen (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ynyd598","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101018"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily Adlam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basic Research Community for Physics, Leipzig 04315, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basic Research Community for Physics, Leipzig 04315, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007712246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101018"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":5.0848,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96176083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13044","display_name":"Biofield Effects and Biophysics","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.6932919025421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.6011694669723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5630382299423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5291693210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.5107073783874512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-relativity","display_name":"Theory of relativity","score":0.5074800848960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.503454864025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universe","display_name":"Universe","score":0.43477392196655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4103900194168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31931352615356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.30463528633117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.25179481506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24616876244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.14791899919509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.1308072805404663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.6932919025421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.6011694669723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5630382299423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5291693210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5107073783874512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149324446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514","display_name":"Theory of relativity","level":2,"score":0.5074800848960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.503454864025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.43477392196655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4103900194168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31931352615356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.30463528633117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.25179481506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24616876244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14791899919509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1308072805404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20010041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20010041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/1/41/pdf?version=1515589950","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33265126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33265126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.chapman.edu:scs_articles-1955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles/955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196324","display_name":"Chapman University Digital Commons (Chapman University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185071736","host_organization_name":"Chapman University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:58344220d08848a8b59b1c3a0fe60730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/58344220d08848a8b59b1c3a0fe60730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 20, Iss 1, p 41 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7512241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7512241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e20010041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e20010041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/1/41/pdf?version=1515589950","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306689","display_name":"Fetzer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02t1yaf39"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2783570056.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2783570056.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6294637","https://openalex.org/W36893443","https://openalex.org/W149301440","https://openalex.org/W1553596068","https://openalex.org/W1572529855","https://openalex.org/W1597572464","https://openalex.org/W1609890873","https://openalex.org/W1616015000","https://openalex.org/W1709784975","https://openalex.org/W1797009593","https://openalex.org/W1898355547","https://openalex.org/W1944087343","https://openalex.org/W1965095458","https://openalex.org/W1970190854","https://openalex.org/W1974736353","https://openalex.org/W1985228317","https://openalex.org/W1986718451","https://openalex.org/W1998959993","https://openalex.org/W2028284547","https://openalex.org/W2034690223","https://openalex.org/W2037504844","https://openalex.org/W2038381673","https://openalex.org/W2039004790","https://openalex.org/W2039772562","https://openalex.org/W2040795052","https://openalex.org/W2053504942","https://openalex.org/W2053711071","https://openalex.org/W2057220353","https://openalex.org/W2063029295","https://openalex.org/W2063678443","https://openalex.org/W2065192689","https://openalex.org/W2065313279","https://openalex.org/W2067218624","https://openalex.org/W2069766817","https://openalex.org/W2080598130","https://openalex.org/W2084585708","https://openalex.org/W2090191117","https://openalex.org/W2094575292","https://openalex.org/W2100928192","https://openalex.org/W2119492785","https://openalex.org/W2124959449","https://openalex.org/W2126746347","https://openalex.org/W2126786850","https://openalex.org/W2131233070","https://openalex.org/W2132372771","https://openalex.org/W2150275662","https://openalex.org/W2154806760","https://openalex.org/W2156783697","https://openalex.org/W2167301831","https://openalex.org/W2208408214","https://openalex.org/W2266680813","https://openalex.org/W2321294936","https://openalex.org/W2323874343","https://openalex.org/W2323942863","https://openalex.org/W2327910718","https://openalex.org/W2471060420","https://openalex.org/W2481773637","https://openalex.org/W2484343844","https://openalex.org/W2492873250","https://openalex.org/W2500403173","https://openalex.org/W2608989352","https://openalex.org/W2775380851","https://openalex.org/W2950915748","https://openalex.org/W3099378752","https://openalex.org/W3100085694","https://openalex.org/W3100381525","https://openalex.org/W3101389048","https://openalex.org/W3101717785","https://openalex.org/W3101912972","https://openalex.org/W3104561143","https://openalex.org/W3126112954","https://openalex.org/W4231613272","https://openalex.org/W4237808659","https://openalex.org/W4249882185","https://openalex.org/W4299655935","https://openalex.org/W4300641598","https://openalex.org/W4300644552","https://openalex.org/W4323874280","https://openalex.org/W4388343978","https://openalex.org/W6605460895","https://openalex.org/W6687936510","https://openalex.org/W6701178266","https://openalex.org/W6701501407","https://openalex.org/W6723488380","https://openalex.org/W7024359015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214645574","https://openalex.org/W1502177776","https://openalex.org/W1903686740","https://openalex.org/W4226020559","https://openalex.org/W2246648379","https://openalex.org/W4299724048","https://openalex.org/W1223444551","https://openalex.org/W2186549686","https://openalex.org/W1898851536","https://openalex.org/W4386823127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,6,14,17,37,49,59,66,69],"discovery":[2],"of":[3,39,51,61,68],"Bell\u2019s":[4],"theorem,":[5],"physics":[7],"community":[8],"has":[9,29,74],"come":[10],"to":[11,36],"take":[12],"seriously":[13],"possibility":[15,38],"that":[16,48,72],"universe":[18],"might":[19],"contain":[20],"physical":[21],"processes":[22],"which":[23,101],"are":[24],"spatially":[25],"nonlocal,":[26],"but":[27],"there":[28],"been":[30],"no":[31],"such":[32],"revolution":[33],"with":[34,94],"regard":[35],"temporally":[40],"nonlocal":[41],"processes.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"article,":[45],"we":[46],"argue":[47],"assumption":[50],"temporal":[52,89],"locality":[53,90],"is":[54,91],"actively":[55],"limiting":[56],"progress":[57],"in":[58,92],"field":[60],"quantum":[62],"foundations.":[63],"We":[64],"investigate":[65],"origins":[67],"assumption,":[70],"arguing":[71],"it":[73],"arisen":[75],"for":[76],"historical":[77],"and":[78,96],"pragmatic":[79],"reasons":[80],"rather":[81],"than":[82],"good":[83],"scientific":[84],"ones,":[85],"then":[86],"explain":[87],"why":[88],"tension":[93],"relativity":[95],"review":[97],"some":[98],"recent":[99],"results":[100],"cast":[102],"doubt":[103],"on":[104],"its":[105],"validity.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}