{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2734764337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e19070349","title":"Artificial Noise-Aided Physical Layer Security in Underlay Cognitive Massive MIMO Systems with Pilot Contamination","display_name":"Artificial Noise-Aided Physical Layer Security in Underlay Cognitive Massive MIMO Systems with Pilot Contamination","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2734764337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e19070349","mag":"2734764337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e19070349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e19070349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/19/7/349/pdf?version=1500005734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/19/7/349/pdf?version=1500005734","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041497097","display_name":"Hayder Al-Hraishawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-9984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hayder Al-Hraishawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034492988","display_name":"Gayan Amarasuriya Aruma Baduge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-3923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gayan Baduge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038203207","display_name":"Rafael F. Schaefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-9075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Theory and Applications Chair, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin 10587, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-9075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Theory and Applications Chair, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin 10587, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041497097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.6722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70069475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"7","first_page":"349","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underlay","display_name":"Underlay","score":0.8618000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7098096013069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6495217084884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6263594627380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5971498489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.5653903484344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5274651050567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5219240188598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5215559005737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41530728340148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2665746212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.25408923625946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.20977303385734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2040468156337738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777679929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883709","display_name":"Underlay","level":3,"score":0.8618000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7098096013069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6495217084884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6263594627380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5971498489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.5653903484344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5274651050567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5219240188598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5215559005737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41530728340148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2665746212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.25408923625946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.20977303385734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2040468156337738}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e19070349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e19070349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/19/7/349/pdf?version=1500005734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75c20be5c4e54adebba6a0e6b777ba40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75c20be5c4e54adebba6a0e6b777ba40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 19, Iss 7, p 349 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e19070349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e19070349","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/19/7/349/pdf?version=1500005734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W751677133","https://openalex.org/W1581835637","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W2057565382","https://openalex.org/W2072184935","https://openalex.org/W2103063389","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2106929598","https://openalex.org/W2114945762","https://openalex.org/W2127593435","https://openalex.org/W2134841917","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2460175177","https://openalex.org/W2523426484","https://openalex.org/W2566769952","https://openalex.org/W2725842974","https://openalex.org/W3101985270","https://openalex.org/W4213038017","https://openalex.org/W4293702014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769590643","https://openalex.org/W2169642774","https://openalex.org/W2532161418","https://openalex.org/W2556201531","https://openalex.org/W4390240227","https://openalex.org/W3036307543","https://openalex.org/W2290997318","https://openalex.org/W4237311310","https://openalex.org/W4256489728","https://openalex.org/W2041235917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,102,180],"this":[1,61,181,202],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,36,63,254],"secure":[4,197,257],"communication":[5,198,258],"model":[6],"for":[7,70,194,223,230,262],"cognitive":[8],"multi-user":[9,24,39],"massive":[10,25,40,130,267],"multiple-input":[11],"multiple-output":[12],"(MIMO)":[13],"systems":[14,269],"with":[15,99,271],"underlay":[16,32],"spectrum":[17,33],"sharing":[18,34],"is":[19,28,47,68,248],"investigated.":[20,200],"A":[21,43],"secondary":[22,57,74,147,165,266],"(cognitive)":[23],"MIMO":[26,41,268],"system":[27,203],"operated":[29],"by":[30,94,122,128,134,152,158,176],"using":[31,95,135,153],"within":[35],"primary":[37,55,72,83,160,264],"(licensed)":[38],"system.":[42],"passive":[44],"multi-antenna":[45],"eavesdropper":[46],"assumed":[48],"to":[49,104,240],"be":[50,260],"eavesdropping":[51],"upon":[52],"either":[53],"the":[54,71,82,90,96,106,112,114,120,124,144,159,183,205,235,272],"or":[56],"confidential":[58,109],"transmissions.":[59],"To":[60],"end,":[62],"physical":[64,195,255],"layer":[65,196,256],"security":[66],"strategy":[67],"provisioned":[69,261],"and":[73,86,133,146,164,190,207,229,233,244,265,276],"transmissions":[75,110],"via":[76],"artificial":[77],"noise":[78],"(AN)":[79],"generation":[80],"at":[81,111,119,143],"base-station":[84,148],"(PBS)":[85],"zero-forcing":[87],"precoders.":[88],"Specifically,":[89,217],"precoders":[91],"are":[92,117,150,174,199,213,221],"constructed":[93],"channel":[97,141,172,191,225,242,273],"estimates":[98,142,173],"pilot":[100,155,178,188,246,277],"contamination.":[101,179,278],"order":[103],"degrade":[105],"interception":[107],"of":[108,186],"eavesdropper,":[113],"AN":[115,137],"sequences":[116,156],"transmitted":[118,157],"PBS":[121,145],"exploiting":[123],"excess":[125],"degrees-of-freedom":[126],"offered":[127],"its":[129],"antenna":[131],"array":[132],"random":[136],"shaping":[138],"matrices.":[139],"The":[140],"(SBS)":[149],"obtained":[151],"non-orthogonal":[154],"user":[161,166],"nodes":[162,167],"(PUs)":[163],"(SUs),":[168],"respectively.":[169],"Hence,":[170],"these":[171,218],"affected":[175],"intra-cell":[177,187,245],"context,":[182],"detrimental":[184],"effects":[185],"contamination":[189,247],"estimation":[192,274],"errors":[193,275],"For":[201],"set-up,":[204],"average":[206],"asymptotic":[208],"achievable":[209],"secrecy":[210,236],"rate":[211,237],"expressions":[212],"derived":[214],"in":[215],"closed-form.":[216],"performance":[219],"metrics":[220],"studied":[222],"imperfect":[224],"state":[226],"information":[227],"(CSI)":[228],"perfect":[231],"CSI,":[232],"thereby,":[234],"degradation":[238],"due":[239],"inaccurate":[241],"knowledge":[243],"quantified.":[249],"Our":[250],"analysis":[251],"reveals":[252],"that":[253],"can":[259],"both":[263],"even":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2017-07-21T00:00:00"}
