{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2462333909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18070243","title":"Nonlinear Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Carnot Engine Cycle","display_name":"Nonlinear Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Carnot Engine Cycle","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2462333909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18070243","mag":"2462333909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18070243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18070243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/7/243/pdf?version=1467103793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/7/243/pdf?version=1467103793","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025830555","display_name":"Michel Feidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110956","display_name":"Laboratoire \u00c9nergies et M\u00e9canique Th\u00e9orique et Appliqu\u00e9e","ror":"https://ror.org/01pfter31","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210110956","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michel Feidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d'\u00c9nerg\u00e9tique et de M\u00e9canique Th\u00e9orique et Appliqu\u00e9e, UMR 7563, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 2, avenue de la For\u00eat de Haye, Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy 54518, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d'\u00c9nerg\u00e9tique et de M\u00e9canique Th\u00e9orique et Appliqu\u00e9e, UMR 7563, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 2, avenue de la For\u00eat de Haye, Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy 54518, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110956","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103186087","display_name":"Monica Costea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-7286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Costea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania","UPB - University Politehnica of Bucharest [Romania] (Splaiul Independentei nr. 313, sector 6, Bucuresti\r\nCP 060042\r\nROUMANIE - Roumanie)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UPB - University Politehnica of Bucharest [Romania] (Splaiul Independentei nr. 313, sector 6, Bucuresti\r\nCP 060042\r\nROUMANIE - Roumanie)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113848246","display_name":"Stoian Petrescu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stoian Petrescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania","UPB - University Politehnica of Bucharest [Romania] (Splaiul Independentei nr. 313, sector 6, Bucuresti\r\nCP 060042\r\nROUMANIE - Roumanie)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UPB - University Politehnica of Bucharest [Romania] (Splaiul Independentei nr. 313, sector 6, Bucuresti\r\nCP 060042\r\nROUMANIE - Roumanie)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070827908","display_name":"Camelia Stanciu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-8131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camelia Stanciu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania","UPB - University Politehnica of Bucharest [Romania] (Splaiul Independentei nr. 313, sector 6, Bucuresti\r\nCP 060042\r\nROUMANIE - Roumanie)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UPB - University Politehnica of Bucharest [Romania] (Splaiul Independentei nr. 313, sector 6, Bucuresti\r\nCP 060042\r\nROUMANIE - Roumanie)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025830555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110956","https://openalex.org/I90183372"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.836933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"243","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10402","display_name":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnot-cycle","display_name":"Carnot cycle","score":0.9367979764938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-engine","display_name":"Heat engine","score":0.7034463882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-law-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","score":0.6600739359855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5842114090919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.5351757407188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamic-cycle","display_name":"Thermodynamic cycle","score":0.5205420255661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5121976733207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.5049360394477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laws-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","score":0.4812774062156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4589470624923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39447587728500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38634034991264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.383569598197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.37800899147987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21647769212722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.11725705862045288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119104473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188910","display_name":"Carnot cycle","level":2,"score":0.9367979764938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57198161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178185","display_name":"Heat engine","level":2,"score":0.7034463882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119820323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177045","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.6600739359855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5842114090919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.5351757407188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175503448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75920","display_name":"Thermodynamic cycle","level":2,"score":0.5205420255661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5121976733207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5049360394477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18815010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849392","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.4812774062156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4589470624923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39447587728500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38634034991264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.383569598197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.37800899147987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21647769212722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.11725705862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18070243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18070243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/7/243/pdf?version=1467103793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01869344v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01869344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, 2016, 18 (7), pp.243. ⟨10.3390/e18070243⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a97c9cc00a54d2987115468eed6d790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a97c9cc00a54d2987115468eed6d790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 243 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/18/7/243/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e18070243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 18; Issue 7; Pages: 243","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18070243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18070243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/7/243/pdf?version=1467103793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2462333909.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1885510922","https://openalex.org/W1967729599","https://openalex.org/W1970121764","https://openalex.org/W1972955512","https://openalex.org/W2013287138","https://openalex.org/W2015855417","https://openalex.org/W2023712026","https://openalex.org/W2034810060","https://openalex.org/W2039407700","https://openalex.org/W2043511530","https://openalex.org/W2044551598","https://openalex.org/W2074178648","https://openalex.org/W2080568849","https://openalex.org/W2084255008","https://openalex.org/W2110083561","https://openalex.org/W2130349417","https://openalex.org/W2262612920","https://openalex.org/W2520901979","https://openalex.org/W3101494560","https://openalex.org/W4213155930","https://openalex.org/W4392184933","https://openalex.org/W6654375942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795329981","https://openalex.org/W2339112116","https://openalex.org/W1990401072","https://openalex.org/W2007966738","https://openalex.org/W1511176687","https://openalex.org/W2020247840","https://openalex.org/W2112326729","https://openalex.org/W4385341433","https://openalex.org/W2990302780","https://openalex.org/W4386772029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"part":[1],"of":[2,10,19,37,45,88,96,104,123,137],"the":[3,7,13,17,20,26,34,38,43,46,58,66,71,75,82,97,102,105,124,135],"efforts":[4],"to":[5,70,117],"unify":[6],"various":[8],"branches":[9],"Irreversible":[11],"Thermodynamics,":[12],"proposed":[14],"work":[15],"reconsiders":[16],"approach":[18],"Carnot":[21],"engine":[22,47,127],"taking":[23],"into":[24],"account":[25],"finite":[27,35],"physical":[28],"dimensions":[29],"(heat":[30],"transfer":[31,90],"conductances)":[32],"and":[33,113],"speed":[36],"piston.":[39],"The":[40,54,126],"models":[41],"introduce":[42],"irreversibility":[44,59,63],"by":[48,60,81],"two":[49],"methods":[50],"involving":[51],"different":[52],"constraints.":[53],"first":[55],"method":[56,77],"introduces":[57],"a":[61,119,131],"so-called":[62],"ratio":[64],"in":[65,74,115],"entropy":[67,83],"balance":[68],"applied":[69],"cycle,":[72],"while":[73],"second":[76],"it":[78],"is":[79],"emphasized":[80],"generation":[84],"rate.":[85],"Various":[86],"forms":[87],"heat":[89],"laws":[91],"are":[92,99,111],"analyzed,":[93],"but":[94],"most":[95],"results":[98],"given":[100],"for":[101],"case":[103],"linear":[106],"law.":[107],"Also,":[108],"individual":[109],"cases":[110],"studied":[112],"reported":[114],"order":[116],"provide":[118],"simple":[120],"analytical":[121],"form":[122],"results.":[125],"model":[128],"developed":[129],"allowed":[130],"formal":[132],"optimization":[133],"using":[134],"calculus":[136],"variations.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}