{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2418641454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060128","title":"Experimental Study of Single Phase Flow in a Closed-Loop Cooling System with Integrated Mini-Channel Heat Sink","display_name":"Experimental Study of Single Phase Flow in a Closed-Loop Cooling System with Integrated Mini-Channel Heat Sink","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2418641454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060128","mag":"2418641454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18060128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/6/128/pdf?version=1464852878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/6/128/pdf?version=1464852878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101393825","display_name":"Lei Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100619544","display_name":"Xuxin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-5362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuxin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-5362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102258127","display_name":"Hongyuan Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004982680","display_name":"Qixing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-8925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials of Shenzhen City, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106664923","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2174-7780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106664923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.5626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82385818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"128","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-sink","display_name":"Heat sink","score":0.9329322576522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.7070239782333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6756057739257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-capacity-rate","display_name":"Heat capacity rate","score":0.6341958045959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.631740927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics-cooling","display_name":"Electronics cooling","score":0.5642923712730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coolant","display_name":"Coolant","score":0.539355456829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.5182997584342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-spreader","display_name":"Heat spreader","score":0.4984462261199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volumetric-flow-rate","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","score":0.44859281182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fin","display_name":"Fin","score":0.4310036301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13407117128372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.10645341873168945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186937647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796959","display_name":"Heat sink","level":2,"score":0.9329322576522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.7070239782333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6756057739257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194945478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5693253","display_name":"Heat capacity rate","level":4,"score":0.6341958045959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.631740927696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778952998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010280","display_name":"Electronics cooling","level":3,"score":0.5642923712730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91914117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056832","display_name":"Coolant","level":2,"score":0.539355456829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.5182997584342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48632124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617088","display_name":"Heat spreader","level":3,"score":0.4984462261199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.44859281182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91721477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778612","display_name":"Fin","level":2,"score":0.4310036301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13407117128372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10645341873168945}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18060128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/6/128/pdf?version=1464852878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17d9894cc3a047dfb4d276429a58d11c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17d9894cc3a047dfb4d276429a58d11c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 18, Iss 6, p 128 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/18/6/128/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e18060128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 18; Issue 6; Pages: 128","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18060128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18060128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/6/128/pdf?version=1464852878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4186161085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51306125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5288775942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 51306125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330400","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2418641454.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2418641454.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975624192","https://openalex.org/W1977585576","https://openalex.org/W1979119637","https://openalex.org/W1987833141","https://openalex.org/W1995352342","https://openalex.org/W1997734047","https://openalex.org/W2024030723","https://openalex.org/W2024832327","https://openalex.org/W2034972463","https://openalex.org/W2040257592","https://openalex.org/W2041418322","https://openalex.org/W2074699410","https://openalex.org/W2089984638","https://openalex.org/W2097116393","https://openalex.org/W2106876537","https://openalex.org/W2114415668","https://openalex.org/W2118376964","https://openalex.org/W2122670053","https://openalex.org/W2132049011","https://openalex.org/W2133157407","https://openalex.org/W2140020798","https://openalex.org/W2156259175","https://openalex.org/W2164912651","https://openalex.org/W2168535394","https://openalex.org/W2169101434","https://openalex.org/W2178519214","https://openalex.org/W2183171309","https://openalex.org/W2209582237","https://openalex.org/W2962701444","https://openalex.org/W4233513995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284846616","https://openalex.org/W2059344729","https://openalex.org/W1969916946","https://openalex.org/W2797447523","https://openalex.org/W1977927964","https://openalex.org/W4290804303","https://openalex.org/W4387050337","https://openalex.org/W2152436995","https://openalex.org/W2061729874","https://openalex.org/W2652001357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,38,52,69],"flow":[1,46,132,144],"and":[2,48,58,88,112,142],"heat":[3,14,25,35,64,70,93,104,139,155],"transfer":[4,71,94,103],"characteristics":[5],"of":[6,19,99,151],"a":[7,12,56,86,106,113],"closed-loop":[8],"cooling":[9,158],"system":[10,101],"with":[11,29,66],"mini-channel":[13,154],"sink":[15,26,65,156],"for":[16,105],"thermal":[17,60,115],"management":[18],"electronics":[20],"is":[21,27,73,83,109,122],"studied":[22,111],"experimentally.":[23],"designed":[28,153],"corrugated":[30,67],"fins":[31],"to":[32,76,102,118],"improve":[33],"its":[34],"dissipation":[36],"capability.":[37],"experiments":[39],"are":[40,134],"performed":[41],"using":[42,62],"variable":[43],"coolant":[44],"volumetric":[45,143],"rates":[47],"input":[49,126,138],"heating":[50,127],"powers.":[51],"experimental":[53],"results":[54,147],"show":[55],"high":[57],"reliable":[59],"performance":[61],"the":[63,80,92,97,100,125,130,152],"fins.":[68],"capability":[72,95,98],"improved":[74],"up":[75],"30":[77],"W/cm2":[78],"when":[79],"base":[81],"temperature":[82],"kept":[84],"at":[85],"stable":[87],"acceptable":[89],"level.":[90],"Besides":[91],"enhancement,":[96],"long":[107],"distance":[108],"also":[110],"fast":[114],"response":[116],"time":[117],"reach":[119],"steady":[120],"state":[121],"observed":[123],"once":[124],"power":[128],"or":[129],"volume":[131],"rate":[133],"varied.":[135],"Under":[136],"different":[137],"source":[140],"powers":[141],"rates,":[145],"our":[146],"suggest":[148],"potential":[149],"applications":[150],"in":[157],"microelectronics.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}