{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2254037256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18010036","title":"The Entropy of Laughter: Discriminative Power of Laughter\u2019s Entropy in the Diagnosis of Depression","display_name":"The Entropy of Laughter: Discriminative Power of Laughter\u2019s Entropy in the Diagnosis of Depression","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2254037256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18010036","mag":"2254037256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18010036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/1/36/pdf?version=1453362060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/1/36/pdf?version=1453362060","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067993586","display_name":"Jorge Navarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-0667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136512","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03njn4610","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Navarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","Aragon Institute of Health Science (IACS), Zaragoza 50009, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aragon Institute of Health Science (IACS), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017915705","display_name":"Raquel del Moral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-5578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136512","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03njn4610","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel Del Moral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","Aragon Institute of Health Science (IACS), Zaragoza 50009, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aragon Institute of Health Science (IACS), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042179373","display_name":"Pedro Cuesta-\u00c1lvaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Cuesta-Alvaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Servicios Inform\u00e1ticos, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Servicios Inform\u00e1ticos, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012685225","display_name":"Rafael Lahoz-Beltr\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-1387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Lahoz-Beltra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics (Biomathematics), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics (Biomathematics), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067903371","display_name":"Pedro C. Mariju\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8604-9127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136512","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03njn4610","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Mariju\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","Aragon Institute of Health Science (IACS), Zaragoza 50009, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aragon Institute of Health Science (IACS), Zaragoza 50009, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067993586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.6726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68929966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.9212999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laughter","display_name":"Laughter","score":0.963915228843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5714403390884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4756971299648285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.46566179394721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4351643919944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3501056134700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34991753101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33719587326049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2107355296611786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17802497744560242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170579","display_name":"Laughter","level":2,"score":0.963915228843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5714403390884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4756971299648285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.46566179394721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4351643919944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3501056134700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34991753101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33719587326049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2107355296611786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17802497744560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18010036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/1/36/pdf?version=1453362060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6036ddc221a424b88c435556413117b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f6036ddc221a424b88c435556413117b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 18, Iss 1, p 36 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/18/1/36/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e18010036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 18; Issue 1; Pages: 36","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ucm.es:45833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.ucm.es/45833/1/Lahoz%20Beltr%C3%A1.%202016.%20the%20entropy%20of%20Laughter.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400298","display_name":"Library Open Repository (Universidad Complutense Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","host_organization_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:121163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/121163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401812","display_name":"Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e18010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e18010036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/1/36/pdf?version=1453362060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2254037256.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117503843","https://openalex.org/W130828423","https://openalex.org/W152900593","https://openalex.org/W1479965673","https://openalex.org/W1482227929","https://openalex.org/W1546334636","https://openalex.org/W1592948493","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1963554665","https://openalex.org/W1964184389","https://openalex.org/W1965472420","https://openalex.org/W1967617743","https://openalex.org/W1969761120","https://openalex.org/W1970940224","https://openalex.org/W1973439571","https://openalex.org/W1974113169","https://openalex.org/W1976725440","https://openalex.org/W1986115152","https://openalex.org/W1990405950","https://openalex.org/W1999493217","https://openalex.org/W2024017610","https://openalex.org/W2024621092","https://openalex.org/W2033364824","https://openalex.org/W2034471684","https://openalex.org/W2047377722","https://openalex.org/W2074212397","https://openalex.org/W2075998208","https://openalex.org/W2078790442","https://openalex.org/W2084977255","https://openalex.org/W2105707421","https://openalex.org/W2107903937","https://openalex.org/W2109543774","https://openalex.org/W2110031189","https://openalex.org/W2111819857","https://openalex.org/W2114936913","https://openalex.org/W2121101677","https://openalex.org/W2130307024","https://openalex.org/W2147400761","https://openalex.org/W2148764920","https://openalex.org/W2148939709","https://openalex.org/W2153218577","https://openalex.org/W2154222833","https://openalex.org/W2164889453","https://openalex.org/W2169759289","https://openalex.org/W2328713924","https://openalex.org/W2479414554","https://openalex.org/W2774090594","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W4236081599","https://openalex.org/W4246433025","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6669374162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2760111529","https://openalex.org/W4304693785","https://openalex.org/W3081604601","https://openalex.org/W2391280397","https://openalex.org/W4238600753","https://openalex.org/W2103493245","https://openalex.org/W4298012685","https://openalex.org/W2063843262","https://openalex.org/W2174919855","https://openalex.org/W4385559915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laughter":[0],"is":[1,68,108,195],"increasingly":[2],"present":[3,18],"in":[4,8,13,49,125,159,174,196],"biomedical":[5],"literature,":[6],"both":[7],"analytical":[9,23],"neurological":[10],"aspects":[11],"and":[12,24,99,137,148],"applied":[14],"therapeutic":[15],"fields.":[16],"The":[17],"paper,":[19],"bridging":[20],"between":[21,135],"the":[22,25,28,38,51,58,62,71,79,94,114,120,151,160,163,170,175,187,205,216],"applied,":[26],"explores":[27],"potential":[29],"of":[30,34,40,53,61,64,70,81,90,96,100,117,123,162,172,180,189,207,219],"a":[31,41,87,109,208],"relevant":[32],"variable":[33],"laughter\u2019s":[35,146],"acoustic":[36,76],"signature\u2014entropy\u2014in":[37],"detection":[39],"widespread":[42],"mental":[43,181],"disorder,":[44],"depression,":[45],"as":[46,48,186,215],"well":[47],"gauging":[50],"severity":[52],"its":[54,75],"diagnostic.":[55],"In":[56],"laughter,":[57,167],"Shannon\u2013Wiener":[59],"entropy":[60,107,147,173],"distribution":[63],"sound":[65],"frequencies,":[66],"which":[67],"one":[69],"key":[72],"features":[73],"distinguishing":[74],"signal":[77,188],"from":[78],"utterances":[80],"spoken":[82],"language,":[83],"has":[84],"not":[85],"been":[86],"specific":[88],"focus":[89],"research":[91,165],"yet,":[92],"although":[93],"studies":[95],"human":[97],"language":[98],"animal":[101],"communication":[102],"have":[103],"pointed":[104],"out":[105],"that":[106,202],"very":[110],"important":[111],"factor":[112],"regarding":[113],"vocal/acoustic":[115],"expression":[116],"emotions.":[118],"As":[119],"experimental":[121,156],"survey":[122],"laughter":[124,190],"depression":[126],"herein":[127],"undertaken":[128],"shows,":[129],"it":[130],"was":[131],"possible":[132],"to":[133,169,192],"discriminate":[134],"patients":[136],"controls":[138],"with":[139,198],"an":[140],"82.1%":[141],"accuracy":[142],"just":[143],"by":[144,149],"using":[145],"applying":[150],"decision":[152],"tree":[153],"procedure.":[154],"These":[155],"results,":[157],"discussed":[158],"light":[161],"current":[164],"on":[166,204],"point":[168],"relevance":[171],"spontaneous":[176],"bona":[177],"fide":[178],"extroversion":[179],"states":[182],"toward":[183],"other":[184],"individuals,":[185],"seems":[191],"imply.":[193],"This":[194],"line":[197],"recent":[199],"theoretical":[200],"approaches":[201],"rely":[203],"optimization":[206],"neuro-informational":[209],"free":[210],"energy":[211],"(and":[212],"associated":[213],"entropy)":[214],"main":[217],"\u201cstuff\u201d":[218],"brain":[220],"processing.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
