{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1560101898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17074863","title":"Entropy, Information and Complexity or Which Aims the Arrow of Time?","display_name":"Entropy, Information and Complexity or Which Aims the Arrow of Time?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1560101898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17074863","mag":"1560101898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e17074863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17074863","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/7/4863/pdf?version=1436855776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/7/4863/pdf?version=1436855776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055203035","display_name":"George Mikhailovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164117","display_name":"Walker (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hgh7849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164117"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Mikhailovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["CALIBRE, 6354 Walker Lane, Alexandria, VA 22310, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CALIBRE, 6354 Walker Lane, Alexandria, VA 22310, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112087762","display_name":"\u0410. \u041f. \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19880235","display_name":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","ror":"https://ror.org/010pmpe69","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Levich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, Moscow Lomonosov University, Leninskie gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, Moscow Lomonosov University, Leninskie gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055203035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164117"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.7313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84528894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"4863","last_page":"4890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-law-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","score":0.7949984669685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrow-of-time","display_name":"Arrow of time","score":0.7509323358535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6677103042602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.4759214520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.458859920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4539664685726166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"Natural selection","score":0.43461596965789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41325563192367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.3860536813735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3546275198459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.3518054485321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22456637024879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1584690809249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.10186043381690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.09716159105300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09035027027130127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119820323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177045","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.7949984669685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14828074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186559","display_name":"Arrow of time","level":3,"score":0.7509323358535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6677103042602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.4759214520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.458859920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4539664685726166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.43461596965789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41325563192367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3860536813735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3546275198459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3518054485321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22456637024879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1584690809249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.10186043381690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.09716159105300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09035027027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e17074863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17074863","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/7/4863/pdf?version=1436855776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:edcda3612b924632aa5964b3d90715aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/edcda3612b924632aa5964b3d90715aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 17, Iss 7, Pp 4863-4890 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/17/7/4863/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e17074863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e17074863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17074863","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/7/4863/pdf?version=1436855776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8456792","https://openalex.org/W63489798","https://openalex.org/W573392690","https://openalex.org/W577541544","https://openalex.org/W594325342","https://openalex.org/W640811781","https://openalex.org/W1172340051","https://openalex.org/W1487340131","https://openalex.org/W1544683177","https://openalex.org/W1554823427","https://openalex.org/W1637909073","https://openalex.org/W1672059830","https://openalex.org/W1685438685","https://openalex.org/W1969998713","https://openalex.org/W1977538755","https://openalex.org/W1981700764","https://openalex.org/W1985224565","https://openalex.org/W1993466133","https://openalex.org/W1995397995","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997756830","https://openalex.org/W2005097301","https://openalex.org/W2011529814","https://openalex.org/W2011940648","https://openalex.org/W2021249943","https://openalex.org/W2041905826","https://openalex.org/W2042690899","https://openalex.org/W2044245196","https://openalex.org/W2046374009","https://openalex.org/W2052800549","https://openalex.org/W2055638143","https://openalex.org/W2056902489","https://openalex.org/W2065616337","https://openalex.org/W2068588832","https://openalex.org/W2068883935","https://openalex.org/W2071761793","https://openalex.org/W2080213327","https://openalex.org/W2080341202","https://openalex.org/W2095459380","https://openalex.org/W2135625884","https://openalex.org/W2144665875","https://openalex.org/W2154462988","https://openalex.org/W2157802351","https://openalex.org/W2158993297","https://openalex.org/W2163236190","https://openalex.org/W2243553836","https://openalex.org/W2276420827","https://openalex.org/W2283991411","https://openalex.org/W2443865445","https://openalex.org/W2486660496","https://openalex.org/W2496927487","https://openalex.org/W2504433233","https://openalex.org/W2568260463","https://openalex.org/W2945914100","https://openalex.org/W2986218762","https://openalex.org/W3099937403","https://openalex.org/W3203749588","https://openalex.org/W4213350211","https://openalex.org/W4245674365","https://openalex.org/W4251610435","https://openalex.org/W4252185192","https://openalex.org/W4388251186","https://openalex.org/W6663818747","https://openalex.org/W6690299916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965857485","https://openalex.org/W4298240961","https://openalex.org/W1668033795","https://openalex.org/W4307555836","https://openalex.org/W2103264825","https://openalex.org/W2227879245","https://openalex.org/W2529333129","https://openalex.org/W2760232085","https://openalex.org/W4302345547","https://openalex.org/W953964439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,86],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,88],"analyze":[4],"the":[5,20,27,76,79],"interrelationships":[6],"among":[7],"such":[8,66,129],"notions":[9],"as":[10,32,95,123],"entropy,":[11],"information,":[12],"complexity,":[13],"order":[14],"and":[15,17,60,70,83,110],"chaos":[16],"show":[18],"using":[19],"theory":[21],"of":[22,30,35,43,57,73,78,100,104,126,128],"categories":[23],"how":[24,65],"to":[25,50,112],"generalize":[26],"second":[28],"law":[29,34,42,46,69],"thermodynamics":[31],"a":[33,40,67,124],"increasing":[36],"generalized":[37],"entropy":[38,111],"or":[39],"general":[41,68],"complification.":[44],"This":[45],"could":[47,120],"be":[48],"applied":[49],"any":[51],"system":[52],"with":[53],"morphisms,":[54],"including":[55,81],"all":[56],"our":[58],"universe":[59],"its":[61],"subsystems.":[62],"We":[63],"discuss":[64],"other":[71],"laws":[72],"nature":[74,105],"drive":[75],"evolution":[77,94],"universe,":[80],"physicochemical":[82,93],"biological":[84],"evolutions.":[85],"addition,":[87],"determine":[89],"eliminating":[90],"selection":[91],"in":[92],"an":[96],"extremely":[97],"simplified":[98],"prototype":[99],"natural":[101],"selection.":[102,130],"Laws":[103],"do":[106],"not":[107],"allow":[108],"complexity":[109],"reach":[113],"maximal":[114],"values":[115],"by":[116],"generating":[117],"structures.":[118],"One":[119],"consider":[121],"them":[122],"kind":[125],"\u201cbreeder\u201d":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}