{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028983032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17031253","title":"Entropic Measures of Complexity of Short-Term Dynamics of Nocturnal Heartbeats in an Aging Population","display_name":"Entropic Measures of Complexity of Short-Term Dynamics of Nocturnal Heartbeats in an Aging Population","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028983032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17031253","mag":"2028983032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e17031253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17031253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/3/1253/pdf?version=1426491972","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/3/1253/pdf?version=1426491972","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073422774","display_name":"Danuta Makowiec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-9577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danuta Makowiec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012122904","display_name":"Agnieszka Kaczkowska","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnieszka Kaczkowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016031060","display_name":"Dorota Wejer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-1999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorota Wejer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037107615","display_name":"Marta \u017barczy\u0144ska-Buchowiecka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-5419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75124487","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/019sbgd69","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75124487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta \u017barczy\u0144ska-Buchowiecka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair & Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, ul. D\u0229binki 7, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair & Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, ul. D\u0229binki 7, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75124487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080019461","display_name":"Zbigniew R. Struzik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-8897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800939219","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Brain Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1n1c04","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800939219","https://openalex.org/I4210110652"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zbigniew Struzik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan","Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, Poland","RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, 351-0198 Wako-shi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, 351-0198 Wako-shi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800939219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073422774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.2657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92575864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"1253","last_page":"1272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10244","display_name":"Chaos control and synchronization","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.7287692427635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nocturnal","display_name":"Nocturnal","score":0.6834052801132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5107631683349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5004539489746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.49114128947257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4441901445388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjacency-matrix","display_name":"Adjacency matrix","score":0.43860673904418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.4189743399620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.4112371802330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.40191978216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26558610796928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2052401900291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18356645107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.15732628107070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1461588740348816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.7287692427635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1607611","display_name":"Nocturnal","level":2,"score":0.6834052801132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5107631683349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5004539489746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.49114128947257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4441901445388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180356752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727035","display_name":"Adjacency matrix","level":3,"score":0.43860673904418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.4189743399620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.4112371802330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.40191978216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26558610796928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2052401900291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18356645107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.15732628107070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1461588740348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e17031253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17031253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/3/1253/pdf?version=1426491972","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fc8f4e4858f845d5a2f6f8c9f123f320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fc8f4e4858f845d5a2f6f8c9f123f320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 17, Iss 3, Pp 1253-1272 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/17/3/1253/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e17031253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e17031253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e17031253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/3/1253/pdf?version=1426491972","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W244799260","https://openalex.org/W1445134676","https://openalex.org/W1532341641","https://openalex.org/W1574996394","https://openalex.org/W1593169702","https://openalex.org/W1597453855","https://openalex.org/W1938627898","https://openalex.org/W1969770478","https://openalex.org/W1972200139","https://openalex.org/W1981510969","https://openalex.org/W1984090112","https://openalex.org/W1985454564","https://openalex.org/W1987801468","https://openalex.org/W1990298353","https://openalex.org/W2000926512","https://openalex.org/W2011392057","https://openalex.org/W2014683958","https://openalex.org/W2021155493","https://openalex.org/W2025899947","https://openalex.org/W2027622933","https://openalex.org/W2043128443","https://openalex.org/W2048033829","https://openalex.org/W2055026204","https://openalex.org/W2056558041","https://openalex.org/W2066598509","https://openalex.org/W2066999583","https://openalex.org/W2093399582","https://openalex.org/W2095233676","https://openalex.org/W2103848096","https://openalex.org/W2104276354","https://openalex.org/W2111837542","https://openalex.org/W2133589238","https://openalex.org/W2133797783","https://openalex.org/W2144059033","https://openalex.org/W2145930711","https://openalex.org/W2147043590","https://openalex.org/W2155659544","https://openalex.org/W2157881370","https://openalex.org/W2158921203","https://openalex.org/W2159162038","https://openalex.org/W2164404494","https://openalex.org/W2166686247","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2318640187","https://openalex.org/W2324395162","https://openalex.org/W2403869416","https://openalex.org/W2486993146","https://openalex.org/W2732223081","https://openalex.org/W6713265076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2803040299","https://openalex.org/W1576176076","https://openalex.org/W2376695684","https://openalex.org/W2071516037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"entropy-based":[1],"approaches":[2],"are":[3,50,104],"investigated":[4],"to":[5,121,177],"study":[6],"patterns":[7,41,46,125,170],"describing":[8],"differences":[9],"in":[10,124,134,139,183],"time":[11,32],"intervals":[12],"between":[13],"consecutive":[14],"heartbeats.":[15],"The":[16,34,81],"first":[17],"method":[18,36],"explores":[19],"matrices":[20],"arising":[21,84],"from":[22,67,85,97,165],"networks":[23],"of":[24,39,42,59,62,73,76,89,101,130,152,161,169,186],"transitions":[25],"constructed":[26],"following":[27],"events":[28],"represented":[29],"by":[30,146],"a":[31,135],"series.":[33],"second":[35],"considers":[37],"distributions":[38],"ordinal":[40],"length":[43],"three,":[44],"whereby":[45],"with":[47,111,126,171,190],"repeated":[48,127,172],"values":[49],"counted":[51],"as":[52],"different":[53,77],"patterns.":[54],"Both":[55],"methods":[56],"provide":[57],"estimators":[58,132],"dynamical":[60],"aspects":[61],"short-term":[63],"heartbeat":[64],"signals":[65],"obtained":[66],"nocturnal":[68,187],"Holter":[69],"electrocardiogram":[70],"(ECG)":[71],"recordings":[72],"healthy":[74],"people":[75,114],"ages":[78],"and":[79,92,107,158],"genders.":[80],"deceleration":[82],"capacity,":[83],"the":[86,90,93,98,102,116,122,140,166,178],"adjacency":[87],"matrix":[88,100],"network,":[91,103],"entropy":[94,118,163],"rate,":[95],"resulting":[96],"transition":[99],"also":[105],"calculated,":[106],"both":[108],"significantly":[109],"decay":[110],"aging.":[112,147],"As":[113],"age,":[115],"permutation":[117,162],"grows,":[119],"due":[120],"increase":[123,160,168],"values.":[128,173],"All":[129],"these":[131],"describe":[133],"consistent":[136],"way":[137],"changes":[138,155],"beat-to-beat":[141],"heart":[142,153,188],"period":[143,154],"dynamics":[144],"caused":[145],"An":[148],"overall":[149],"slowing":[150],"down":[151],"is":[156],"observed,":[157],"an":[159],"results":[164],"progressive":[167],"This":[174],"result":[175],"points":[176],"sympathetic":[179],"drive":[180],"becoming":[181],"dominant":[182],"cardiac":[184],"regulation":[185],"rate":[189],"age.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
